incruster
French
FWOTD – 12 September 2015
Etymology
Inherited from Old French incruster, borrowed from Latin incrustāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/
Audio (file)
Verb
incruster
- to embed, to inlay
- 1873, Jules Verne, chapter 13, in Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours [Around the World in Eighty Days], Paris: J. Hetzel et Compagnie:
- Cependant Passepartout, juché sur les premières branches d’un arbre, ruminait une idée qui avait d’abord traversé son esprit comme un éclair, et qui finit par s’incruster dans son cerveau.
- Meanwhile Passepartout, who had perched himself on the lower branches of a tree, was resolving an idea which had at first struck him like a flash, and which was now firmly lodged in his brain.
- (reflexive, informal) to gatecrash, to stay (for a long time), to overstay
- 2012 [1928], Robert Laffont, transl., Les quatre Hollandais, translation of The Four Dutchmen by W. Somerset Maugham, →ISBN:
- Ça me gênait beaucoup de m’incruster chez vous, j’avais honte d’abuser : mais, à présent, je n’ai plus d’excuse.
- It's made me very uncomfortable planting myself on you like this, I've been quite ashamed, but now there's no excuse for me.
Conjugation
Conjugation of incruster (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | incruster | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | incrustant /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | incrusté /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustes /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɔ̃/ |
incrustez /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ |
incrustent /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
imperfect | incrustais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ |
incrustais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ |
incrustait /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ |
incrustions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tjɔ̃/ |
incrustiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tje/ |
incrustaient /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | incrustai /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ |
incrustas /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/ |
incrusta /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/ |
incrustâmes /ɛ̃.kʁys.tam/ |
incrustâtes /ɛ̃.kʁys.tat/ |
incrustèrent /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛʁ/ | |
future | incrusterai /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁe/ |
incrusteras /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁa/ |
incrustera /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁa/ |
incrusterons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
incrusterez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁe/ |
incrusteront /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | incrusterais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ |
incrusterais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ |
incrusterait /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ |
incrusterions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
incrusteriez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁje/ |
incrusteraient /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustes /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tjɔ̃/ |
incrustiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tje/ |
incrustent /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
imperfect2 | incrustasse /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/ |
incrustasses /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/ |
incrustât /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/ |
incrustassions /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
incrustassiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta.sje/ |
incrustassent /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
— | incrustons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɔ̃/ |
incrustez /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Descendants
- → English: encrust
Further reading
- “incruster”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-sts, *-stt are modified to z, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | incruster | avoir incrusté | |||||
gerund | en incrustant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | incrustant | ||||||
past participle | incrusté | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | incrust | incrustes | incruste | incrustons | incrustez | incrustent |
imperfect | incrustoie, incrusteie, incrustoe, incrusteve | incrustoies, incrusteies, incrustoes, incrusteves | incrustoit, incrusteit, incrustot, incrusteve | incrustiiens, incrustiens | incrustiiez, incrustiez | incrustoient, incrusteient, incrustoent, incrustevent | |
preterite | incrustai | incrustas | incrusta | incrustames | incrustastes | incrusterent | |
future | incrusterai | incrusteras | incrustera | incrusterons | incrusteroiz, incrustereiz, incrusterez | incrusteront | |
conditional | incrusteroie, incrustereie | incrusteroies, incrustereies | incrusteroit, incrustereit | incrusteriiens, incrusteriens | incrusteriiez, incrusteriez | incrusteroient, incrustereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | incrust | incruz | incrust | incrustons | incrustez | incrustent |
imperfect | incrustasse | incrustasses | incrustast | incrustissons, incrustissiens | incrustissoiz, incrustissez, incrustissiez | incrustassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | incruste | — | incrustons | incrustez | — |
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