huitoa
Finnish
Etymology
Either sound-symbolic[1] or from huitu + -oa (continuative aspect), in which case the original meaning likely was "to churn".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhui̯toɑˣ/, [ˈhui̯t̪o̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -uitoɑ
- Syllabification(key): hui‧to‧a
Verb
huitoa
- (intransitive) to wave one's arms (about), flail (about), gesticulate
- (transitive, usually atelic) to flail, lay about (a long object in a violent manner)
- Hän huitoi käsillään yrittäessään läppäistä minua.
- She flailed her hands as she tried to slap me.
- Sotilaat huitoivat pistimillään.
- The soldiers laid about their bayonets.
- (ice hockey) to slash
Conjugation
| Inflection of huitoa (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | huidon | en huido | 1st sing. | olen huitonut | en ole huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | huidot | et huido | 2nd sing. | olet huitonut | et ole huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | huitoo | ei huido | 3rd sing. | on huitonut | ei ole huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | huidomme | emme huido | 1st plur. | olemme huitoneet | emme ole huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | huidotte | ette huido | 2nd plur. | olette huitoneet | ette ole huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | huitovat | eivät huido | 3rd plur. | ovat huitoneet | eivät ole huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | huidotaan | ei huidota | passive | on huidottu | ei ole huidottu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | huidoin | en huitonut | 1st sing. | olin huitonut | en ollut huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | huidoit | et huitonut | 2nd sing. | olit huitonut | et ollut huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | huitoi | ei huitonut | 3rd sing. | oli huitonut | ei ollut huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | huidoimme | emme huitoneet | 1st plur. | olimme huitoneet | emme olleet huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | huidoitte | ette huitoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte huitoneet | ette olleet huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | huitoivat | eivät huitoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat huitoneet | eivät olleet huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | huidottiin | ei huidottu | passive | oli huidottu | ei ollut huidottu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | huitoisin | en huitoisi | 1st sing. | olisin huitonut | en olisi huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | huitoisit | et huitoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit huitonut | et olisi huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | huitoisi | ei huitoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi huitonut | ei olisi huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | huitoisimme | emme huitoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme huitoneet | emme olisi huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | huitoisitte | ette huitoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte huitoneet | ette olisi huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | huitoisivat | eivät huitoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat huitoneet | eivät olisi huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | huidottaisiin | ei huidottaisi | passive | olisi huidottu | ei olisi huidottu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | huido | älä huido | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | huitokoon | älköön huitoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon huitonut | älköön olko huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | huitokaamme | älkäämme huitoko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | huitokaa | älkää huitoko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | huitokoot | älkööt huitoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot huitoneet | älkööt olko huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | huidottakoon | älköön huidottako | passive | olkoon huidottu | älköön olko huidottu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | huitonen | en huitone | 1st sing. | lienen huitonut | en liene huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | huitonet | et huitone | 2nd sing. | lienet huitonut | et liene huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | huitonee | ei huitone | 3rd sing. | lienee huitonut | ei liene huitonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | huitonemme | emme huitone | 1st plur. | lienemme huitoneet | emme liene huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | huitonette | ette huitone | 2nd plur. | lienette huitoneet | ette liene huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | huitonevat | eivät huitone | 3rd plur. | lienevät huitoneet | eivät liene huitoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | huidottaneen | ei huidottane | passive | lienee huidottu | ei liene huidottu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | huitoa | present | huitova | huidottava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | huitonut | huidottu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | huitoessa | huidottaessa | agent3 | huitoma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | huitomaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | huitoen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | huitomassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | huitomasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | huitomaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | huitomalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | huitomatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | huitoman | huidottaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | huitominen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
References
Further reading
- “huitoa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
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