hacher

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”). More at hack.

Pronunciation
  • (aspirated h) IPA(key): /a.ʃe/
  • audio(file)

Verb

hacher

  1. to chop up, mince
    hacher la viande
    chop up the meat
    bœuf haché
    minced beef
  2. (dated) to split with an axe
  3. (rare) to cut roughly and unequally
  4. (formal) to cut or hit repeatedly with something sharp; to slash
  5. (formal, rare) to speak or write with a very unequal or irregular style or rhythm

Usage notes
  • In literary description, the adjective haché is much more common than the verb.

Conjugation
Conjugation of hacher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple hacher
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple hachant
/a.ʃɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle haché
/a.ʃe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present hache
/aʃ/		 haches
/aʃ/		 hache
/aʃ/		 hachons
/a.ʃɔ̃/		 hachez
/a.ʃe/		 hachent
/aʃ/
imperfect hachais
/a.ʃɛ/		 hachais
/a.ʃɛ/		 hachait
/a.ʃɛ/		 hachions
/a.ʃjɔ̃/		 hachiez
/a.ʃje/		 hachaient
/a.ʃɛ/
past historic2 hachai
/a.ʃe/		 hachas
/a.ʃa/		 hacha
/a.ʃa/		 hachâmes
/a.ʃam/		 hachâtes
/a.ʃat/		 hachèrent
/a.ʃɛʁ/
future hacherai
/aʃ.ʁe/		 hacheras
/aʃ.ʁa/		 hachera
/aʃ.ʁa/		 hacherons
/aʃ.ʁɔ̃/		 hacherez
/aʃ.ʁe/		 hacheront
/aʃ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional hacherais
/aʃ.ʁɛ/		 hacherais
/aʃ.ʁɛ/		 hacherait
/aʃ.ʁɛ/		 hacherions
/a.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/		 hacheriez
/a.ʃə.ʁje/		 hacheraient
/aʃ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present hache
/aʃ/		 haches
/aʃ/		 hache
/aʃ/		 hachions
/a.ʃjɔ̃/		 hachiez
/a.ʃje/		 hachent
/aʃ/
imperfect2 hachasse
/a.ʃas/		 hachasses
/a.ʃas/		 hachât
/a.ʃa/		 hachassions
/a.ʃa.sjɔ̃/		 hachassiez
/a.ʃa.sje/		 hachassent
/a.ʃas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — hache
/aʃ/		 — hachons
/a.ʃɔ̃/		 hachez
/a.ʃe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → English: hash

Further reading

Middle French

Alternative forms
  • hachier, hâcher

Etymology

From Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).

Verb

hacher

  1. to chop up, mince

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of hacher
infinitive simple hacher
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple hachant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle haché
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present hache haches hache hachons hachez hachent
imperfect hachois, hachoys hachois, hachoys hachoit, hachoyt hachions, hachyons hachiez, hachyez hachoient, hachoyent
past historic hacha hachas hacha hachasmes hachastes hacherent
future hacherai, hacheray hacheras hachera hacherons hacherez hacheront
conditional hacherois, hacheroys hacherois, hacheroys hacheroit, hacheroyt hacherions, hacheryons hacheriez, hacheryez hacheroient, hacheroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present hache haches hache hachons hachez hachent
imperfect hachasse hachasses hachast hachassions hachassiez hachassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — hache — hachons hachez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

Old French

Alternative forms
  • hachier, hascher

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).

Verb

hacher

  1. to chop up, mince

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of hacher (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive hacher avoir haché
gerund en hachant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle hachant
past participle haché
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present hache haches hache hachons hachez hachent
imperfect hachoie, hacheie, hachoe, hacheve hachoies, hacheies, hachoes, hacheves hachoit, hacheit, hachot, hacheve hachiiens, hachiens hachiiez, hachiez hachoient, hacheient, hachoent, hachevent
preterite hachai hachas hacha hachames hachastes hacherent
future hacherai hacheras hachera hacherons hacheroiz, hachereiz, hacherez hacheront
conditional hacheroie, hachereie hacheroies, hachereies hacheroit, hachereit hacheriiens, hacheriens hacheriiez, hacheriez hacheroient, hachereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present hache haches hache hachons hachez hachent
imperfect hachasse hachasses hachast hachissons, hachissiens hachissoiz, hachissez, hachissiez hachassent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— hache — hachons hachez —

Descendants
  • Middle French: hacher, hachier, hâcher
  • Gallo: haèchae
  • Norman: haguer, hager (Guernesiais)
  • Picard: hacheu, acjheu, èkieu (Athois), héquer
  • Walloon: atchè (Forrières)
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