grg

See also: GRG

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (noun): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼə/ → /ˈkʼalkʼ/

Verb
g
r		 grg

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to set in order or prepare (the earth by working it)
  2. (transitive) to set up, to found, to construct
    • 17th Dynasty, The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I:[1]
      x
      r      		 Aa13M3
      x t      		 g
      r      		 U17
      Y1      		 nA1pr
      Z1
      ḫr m ḫt grg.n.j pr […]
      Then later, I set up the household […]
  3. (transitive) to furnish, to equip

Inflection
Conjugation of grg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: grg, geminated stem: grgg
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
grg
 grgw, grg
 grgt
 grg
 grg
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
grg
 ḥr grg
 m grg
 r grg
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect grg.n
 grgw, grg
 consecutive grg.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative grgt
perfective3 grg
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 grg.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective grg
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 grg
 grgg
 potentialis1 grg.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive grg
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect grg.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective grg
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 grg
 grg, grgw5, grgy5
imperfective grg, grgy, grgw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 grg, grgj6, grgy6
 grg, grgw5
prospective grg, grgtj7
 — grgtj4, grgt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg  
g
r		 grg
Y1
grg

Derived terms

Noun
g
r		 grgA2

 m

  1. lie, falsehood [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
    • c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 6, line 24:[2]
      D35r
      x      		 Y1
      n      		 tWmA
      mAa      		 a
      t Z5      		 Y1
      Z2      		 rg
      r      		 grgG37
      Z2
      nj rḫ.n.tw mꜣꜥt r grg
      One cannot distinguish truth from falsehood.
  2. unjust, unfair, or wrong way of thinking
  3. injustice

Inflection
Declension of grg (masculine)
singular grg
dual grgwj
plural grgw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg  
g
r		 ggrgA2
g
n		 g
M67
A2
g
r		 grgG37
Z2
g

D153
kG37
grgG37
Z2
grg gng grg grk grg
[Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]
rare

Synonyms
  • (lie, falsehood): jzft

Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “lie, falsehood”): mꜣꜥt

Descendants
  • Demotic: glk

References
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 215.
  1. Middle Egyptian Grammar: The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I , Dr. Gabor Toth, Rutgers University.
  2. Nederhof, Mark-Jan, Papyrus Westcar, page 25
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