gaxa
Zulu
Verb
-gaxa
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugaxa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugaxa | ukungagaxi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gaxa | -gaxe | |||||||
Plural | gaxani | -gaxeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagaxa, ngigaxa | engigaxayo, engigaxa | ngigaxa | angigaxi | engingagaxi | ngingagaxi | |||
2nd singular | uyagaxa, ugaxa | ogaxayo, ogaxa | ugaxa | awugaxi | ongagaxi | ungagaxi | |||
1st plural | siyagaxa, sigaxa | esigaxayo, esigaxa | sigaxa | asigaxi | esingagaxi | singagaxi | |||
2nd plural | niyagaxa, nigaxa | enigaxayo, enigaxa | nigaxa | anigaxi | eningagaxi | ningagaxi | |||
Class 1 | uyagaxa, ugaxa | ogaxayo, ogaxa | egaxa | akagaxi | ongagaxi | engagaxi | |||
Class 2 | bayagaxa, bagaxa | abagaxayo, abagaxa | begaxa | abagaxi | abangagaxi | bengagaxi | |||
Class 3 | uyagaxa, ugaxa | ogaxayo, ogaxa | ugaxa | awugaxi | ongagaxi | ungagaxi | |||
Class 4 | iyagaxa, igaxa | egaxayo, egaxa | igaxa | ayigaxi | engagaxi | ingagaxi | |||
Class 5 | liyagaxa, ligaxa | eligaxayo, eligaxa | ligaxa | aligaxi | elingagaxi | lingagaxi | |||
Class 6 | ayagaxa, agaxa | agaxayo, agaxa | egaxa | awagaxi | angagaxi | engagaxi | |||
Class 7 | siyagaxa, sigaxa | esigaxayo, esigaxa | sigaxa | asigaxi | esingagaxi | singagaxi | |||
Class 8 | ziyagaxa, zigaxa | ezigaxayo, ezigaxa | zigaxa | azigaxi | ezingagaxi | zingagaxi | |||
Class 9 | iyagaxa, igaxa | egaxayo, egaxa | igaxa | ayigaxi | engagaxi | ingagaxi | |||
Class 10 | ziyagaxa, zigaxa | ezigaxayo, ezigaxa | zigaxa | azigaxi | ezingagaxi | zingagaxi | |||
Class 11 | luyagaxa, lugaxa | olugaxayo, olugaxa | lugaxa | alugaxi | olungagaxi | lungagaxi | |||
Class 14 | buyagaxa, bugaxa | obugaxayo, obugaxa | bugaxa | abugaxi | obungagaxi | bungagaxi | |||
Class 15 | kuyagaxa, kugaxa | okugaxayo, okugaxa | kugaxa | akugaxi | okungagaxi | kungagaxi | |||
Class 17 | kuyagaxa, kugaxa | okugaxayo, okugaxa | kugaxa | akugaxi | okungagaxi | kungagaxi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigaxile, ngigaxē | engigaxile, engigaxē | ngigaxile, ngigaxē | angigaxanga | engingagaxanga | ngingagaxanga | |||
2nd singular | ugaxile, ugaxē | ogaxile, ogaxē | ugaxile, ugaxē | awugaxanga | ongagaxanga | ungagaxanga | |||
1st plural | sigaxile, sigaxē | esigaxile, esigaxē | sigaxile, sigaxē | asigaxanga | esingagaxanga | singagaxanga | |||
2nd plural | nigaxile, nigaxē | enigaxile, enigaxē | nigaxile, nigaxē | anigaxanga | eningagaxanga | ningagaxanga | |||
Class 1 | ugaxile, ugaxē | ogaxile, ogaxē | egaxile, egaxē | akagaxanga | ongagaxanga | engagaxanga | |||
Class 2 | bagaxile, bagaxē | abagaxile, abagaxē | begaxile, begaxē | abagaxanga | abangagaxanga | bengagaxanga | |||
Class 3 | ugaxile, ugaxē | ogaxile, ogaxē | ugaxile, ugaxē | awugaxanga | ongagaxanga | ungagaxanga | |||
Class 4 | igaxile, igaxē | egaxile, egaxē | igaxile, igaxē | ayigaxanga | engagaxanga | ingagaxanga | |||
Class 5 | ligaxile, ligaxē | eligaxile, eligaxē | ligaxile, ligaxē | aligaxanga | elingagaxanga | lingagaxanga | |||
Class 6 | agaxile, agaxē | agaxile, agaxē | egaxile, egaxē | awagaxanga | angagaxanga | engagaxanga | |||
Class 7 | sigaxile, sigaxē | esigaxile, esigaxē | sigaxile, sigaxē | asigaxanga | esingagaxanga | singagaxanga | |||
Class 8 | zigaxile, zigaxē | ezigaxile, ezigaxē | zigaxile, zigaxē | azigaxanga | ezingagaxanga | zingagaxanga | |||
Class 9 | igaxile, igaxē | egaxile, egaxē | igaxile, igaxē | ayigaxanga | engagaxanga | ingagaxanga | |||
Class 10 | zigaxile, zigaxē | ezigaxile, ezigaxē | zigaxile, zigaxē | azigaxanga | ezingagaxanga | zingagaxanga | |||
Class 11 | lugaxile, lugaxē | olugaxile, olugaxē | lugaxile, lugaxē | alugaxanga | olungagaxanga | lungagaxanga | |||
Class 14 | bugaxile, bugaxē | obugaxile, obugaxē | bugaxile, bugaxē | abugaxanga | obungagaxanga | bungagaxanga | |||
Class 15 | kugaxile, kugaxē | okugaxile, okugaxē | kugaxile, kugaxē | akugaxanga | okungagaxanga | kungagaxanga | |||
Class 17 | kugaxile, kugaxē | okugaxile, okugaxē | kugaxile, kugaxē | akugaxanga | okungagaxanga | kungagaxanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgaxa | engāgaxa | ngāgaxa | angigaxanga | engingagaxanga | ngingagaxanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgaxa | owāgaxa | wāgaxa | awugaxanga | ongagaxanga | ungagaxanga | |||
1st plural | sāgaxa | esāgaxa | sāgaxa | asigaxanga | esingagaxanga | singagaxanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgaxa | enāgaxa | nāgaxa | anigaxanga | eningagaxanga | ningagaxanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgaxa | owāgaxa | āgaxa | akagaxanga | ongagaxanga | engagaxanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgaxa | abāgaxa | bāgaxa | abagaxanga | abangagaxanga | bengagaxanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgaxa | owāgaxa | wāgaxa | awugaxanga | ongagaxanga | ungagaxanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgaxa | eyāgaxa | yāgaxa | ayigaxanga | engagaxanga | ingagaxanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgaxa | elāgaxa | lāgaxa | aligaxanga | elingagaxanga | lingagaxanga | |||
Class 6 | āgaxa | āgaxa | āgaxa | awagaxanga | angagaxanga | engagaxanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgaxa | esāgaxa | sāgaxa | asigaxanga | esingagaxanga | singagaxanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgaxa | ezāgaxa | zāgaxa | azigaxanga | ezingagaxanga | zingagaxanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgaxa | eyāgaxa | yāgaxa | ayigaxanga | engagaxanga | ingagaxanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgaxa | ezāgaxa | zāgaxa | azigaxanga | ezingagaxanga | zingagaxanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgaxa | olwāgaxa | lwāgaxa | alugaxanga | olungagaxanga | lungagaxanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgaxa | obāgaxa | bāgaxa | abugaxanga | obungagaxanga | bungagaxanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgaxa | okwāgaxa | kwāgaxa | akugaxanga | okungagaxanga | kungagaxanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgaxa | okwāgaxa | kwāgaxa | akugaxanga | okungagaxanga | kungagaxanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagaxa | — | ngingagaxa | ngingegaxe | — | ngingegaxe | |||
2nd singular | ungagaxa | — | ungagaxa | ungegaxe | — | ungegaxe | |||
1st plural | singagaxa | — | singagaxa | singegaxe | — | singegaxe | |||
2nd plural | ningagaxa | — | ningagaxa | ningegaxe | — | ningegaxe | |||
Class 1 | angagaxa | — | engagaxa | angegaxe | — | engegaxe | |||
Class 2 | bangagaxa | — | bengagaxa | bangegaxe | — | bengegaxe | |||
Class 3 | ungagaxa | — | ungagaxa | ungegaxe | — | ungegaxe | |||
Class 4 | ingagaxa | — | ingagaxa | ingegaxe | — | ingegaxe | |||
Class 5 | lingagaxa | — | lingagaxa | lingegaxe | — | lingegaxe | |||
Class 6 | angagaxa | — | engagaxa | angegaxe | — | engegaxe | |||
Class 7 | singagaxa | — | singagaxa | singegaxe | — | singegaxe | |||
Class 8 | zingagaxa | — | zingagaxa | zingegaxe | — | zingegaxe | |||
Class 9 | ingagaxa | — | ingagaxa | ingegaxe | — | ingegaxe | |||
Class 10 | zingagaxa | — | zingagaxa | zingegaxe | — | zingegaxe | |||
Class 11 | lungagaxa | — | lungagaxa | lungegaxe | — | lungegaxe | |||
Class 14 | bungagaxa | — | bungagaxa | bungegaxe | — | bungegaxe | |||
Class 15 | kungagaxa | — | kungagaxa | kungegaxe | — | kungegaxe | |||
Class 17 | kungagaxa | — | kungagaxa | kungegaxe | — | kungegaxe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogaxa | engizogaxa | ngizogaxa | angizugaxa | engingezugaxa | ngingezugaxa | |||
2nd singular | uzogaxa | ozogaxa | uzogaxa | awuzugaxa | ongezugaxa | ungezugaxa | |||
1st plural | sizogaxa | esizogaxa | sizogaxa | asizugaxa | esingezugaxa | singezugaxa | |||
2nd plural | nizogaxa | enizogaxa | nizogaxa | anizugaxa | eningezugaxa | ningezugaxa | |||
Class 1 | uzogaxa | ozogaxa | ezogaxa | akazugaxa | ongezugaxa | engezugaxa | |||
Class 2 | bazogaxa | abazogaxa | bezogaxa | abazugaxa | abangezugaxa | bengezugaxa | |||
Class 3 | uzogaxa | ozogaxa | uzogaxa | awuzugaxa | ongezugaxa | ungezugaxa | |||
Class 4 | izogaxa | ezogaxa | izogaxa | ayizugaxa | engezugaxa | ingezugaxa | |||
Class 5 | lizogaxa | elizogaxa | lizogaxa | alizugaxa | elingezugaxa | lingezugaxa | |||
Class 6 | azogaxa | azogaxa | ezogaxa | awazugaxa | angezugaxa | engezugaxa | |||
Class 7 | sizogaxa | esizogaxa | sizogaxa | asizugaxa | esingezugaxa | singezugaxa | |||
Class 8 | zizogaxa | ezizogaxa | zizogaxa | azizugaxa | ezingezugaxa | zingezugaxa | |||
Class 9 | izogaxa | ezogaxa | izogaxa | ayizugaxa | engezugaxa | ingezugaxa | |||
Class 10 | zizogaxa | ezizogaxa | zizogaxa | azizugaxa | ezingezugaxa | zingezugaxa | |||
Class 11 | luzogaxa | oluzogaxa | luzogaxa | aluzugaxa | olungezugaxa | lungezugaxa | |||
Class 14 | buzogaxa | obuzogaxa | buzogaxa | abuzugaxa | obungezugaxa | bungezugaxa | |||
Class 15 | kuzogaxa | okuzogaxa | kuzogaxa | akuzugaxa | okungezugaxa | kungezugaxa | |||
Class 17 | kuzogaxa | okuzogaxa | kuzogaxa | akuzugaxa | okungezugaxa | kungezugaxa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogaxa | engiyogaxa | ngiyogaxa | angiyugaxa | engingeyugaxa | ngingeyugaxa | |||
2nd singular | uyogaxa | oyogaxa | uyogaxa | awuyugaxa | ongeyugaxa | ungeyugaxa | |||
1st plural | siyogaxa | esiyogaxa | siyogaxa | asiyugaxa | esingeyugaxa | singeyugaxa | |||
2nd plural | niyogaxa | eniyogaxa | niyogaxa | aniyugaxa | eningeyugaxa | ningeyugaxa | |||
Class 1 | uyogaxa | oyogaxa | eyogaxa | akayugaxa | ongeyugaxa | engeyugaxa | |||
Class 2 | bayogaxa | abayogaxa | beyogaxa | abayugaxa | abangeyugaxa | bengeyugaxa | |||
Class 3 | uyogaxa | oyogaxa | uyogaxa | awuyugaxa | ongeyugaxa | ungeyugaxa | |||
Class 4 | iyogaxa | eyogaxa | iyogaxa | ayiyugaxa | engeyugaxa | ingeyugaxa | |||
Class 5 | liyogaxa | eliyogaxa | liyogaxa | aliyugaxa | elingeyugaxa | lingeyugaxa | |||
Class 6 | ayogaxa | ayogaxa | eyogaxa | awayugaxa | angeyugaxa | engeyugaxa | |||
Class 7 | siyogaxa | esiyogaxa | siyogaxa | asiyugaxa | esingeyugaxa | singeyugaxa | |||
Class 8 | ziyogaxa | eziyogaxa | ziyogaxa | aziyugaxa | ezingeyugaxa | zingeyugaxa | |||
Class 9 | iyogaxa | eyogaxa | iyogaxa | ayiyugaxa | engeyugaxa | ingeyugaxa | |||
Class 10 | ziyogaxa | eziyogaxa | ziyogaxa | aziyugaxa | ezingeyugaxa | zingeyugaxa | |||
Class 11 | luyogaxa | oluyogaxa | luyogaxa | aluyugaxa | olungeyugaxa | lungeyugaxa | |||
Class 14 | buyogaxa | obuyogaxa | buyogaxa | abuyugaxa | obungeyugaxa | bungeyugaxa | |||
Class 15 | kuyogaxa | okuyogaxa | kuyogaxa | akuyugaxa | okungeyugaxa | kungeyugaxa | |||
Class 17 | kuyogaxa | okuyogaxa | kuyogaxa | akuyugaxa | okungeyugaxa | kungeyugaxa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigaxe | ngingagaxi | |||||||
2nd singular | ugaxe | ungagaxi | |||||||
1st plural | sigaxe | singagaxi | |||||||
2nd plural | nigaxe | ningagaxi | |||||||
Class 1 | agaxe | angagaxi | |||||||
Class 2 | bagaxe | bangagaxi | |||||||
Class 3 | ugaxe | ungagaxi | |||||||
Class 4 | igaxe | ingagaxi | |||||||
Class 5 | ligaxe | lingagaxi | |||||||
Class 6 | agaxe | angagaxi | |||||||
Class 7 | sigaxe | singagaxi | |||||||
Class 8 | zigaxe | zingagaxi | |||||||
Class 9 | igaxe | ingagaxi | |||||||
Class 10 | zigaxe | zingagaxi | |||||||
Class 11 | lugaxe | lungagaxi | |||||||
Class 14 | bugaxe | bungagaxi | |||||||
Class 15 | kugaxe | kungagaxi | |||||||
Class 17 | kugaxe | kungagaxi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagaxa | ngangagaxa, angagaxa, angangagaxa | |||||||
2nd singular | wagaxa | wangagaxa, awagaxa, awangagaxa | |||||||
1st plural | sagaxa | sangagaxa, asagaxa, asangagaxa | |||||||
2nd plural | nagaxa | nangagaxa, anagaxa, anangagaxa | |||||||
Class 1 | wagaxa | wangagaxa, akagaxa, akangagaxa | |||||||
Class 2 | bagaxa | bangagaxa, abagaxa, abangagaxa | |||||||
Class 3 | wagaxa | wangagaxa, awagaxa, awangagaxa | |||||||
Class 4 | yagaxa | yangagaxa, ayagaxa, ayangagaxa | |||||||
Class 5 | lagaxa | langagaxa, alagaxa, alangagaxa | |||||||
Class 6 | agaxa | angagaxa, awagaxa, awangagaxa | |||||||
Class 7 | sagaxa | sangagaxa, asagaxa, asangagaxa | |||||||
Class 8 | zagaxa | zangagaxa, azagaxa, azangagaxa | |||||||
Class 9 | yagaxa | yangagaxa, ayagaxa, ayangagaxa | |||||||
Class 10 | zagaxa | zangagaxa, azagaxa, azangagaxa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagaxa | lwangagaxa, alwagaxa, alwangagaxa | |||||||
Class 14 | bagaxa | bangagaxa, abagaxa, abangagaxa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagaxa | kwangagaxa, akwagaxa, akwangagaxa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagaxa | kwangagaxa, akwagaxa, akwangagaxa |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gaxa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gaxa (6.3)”
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