galer
Catalan
Further reading
- “galer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French
Etymology
From Old French galer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡa.le/
Conjugation
infinitive | simple | galer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | galant /ɡa.lɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | galé /ɡa.le/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | gale /ɡal/ |
gales /ɡal/ |
gale /ɡal/ |
galons /ɡa.lɔ̃/ |
galez /ɡa.le/ |
galent /ɡal/ |
imperfect | galais /ɡa.lɛ/ |
galais /ɡa.lɛ/ |
galait /ɡa.lɛ/ |
galions /ɡa.ljɔ̃/ |
galiez /ɡa.lje/ |
galaient /ɡa.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | galai /ɡa.le/ |
galas /ɡa.la/ |
gala /ɡa.la/ |
galâmes /ɡa.lam/ |
galâtes /ɡa.lat/ |
galèrent /ɡa.lɛʁ/ | |
future | galerai /ɡal.ʁe/ |
galeras /ɡal.ʁa/ |
galera /ɡal.ʁa/ |
galerons /ɡal.ʁɔ̃/ |
galerez /ɡal.ʁe/ |
galeront /ɡal.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | galerais /ɡal.ʁɛ/ |
galerais /ɡal.ʁɛ/ |
galerait /ɡal.ʁɛ/ |
galerions /ɡa.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
galeriez /ɡa.lə.ʁje/ |
galeraient /ɡal.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | gale /ɡal/ |
gales /ɡal/ |
gale /ɡal/ |
galions /ɡa.ljɔ̃/ |
galiez /ɡa.lje/ |
galent /ɡal/ |
imperfect2 | galasse /ɡa.las/ |
galasses /ɡa.las/ |
galât /ɡa.la/ |
galassions /ɡa.la.sjɔ̃/ |
galassiez /ɡa.la.sje/ |
galassent /ɡa.las/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | gale /ɡal/ |
— | galons /ɡa.lɔ̃/ |
galez /ɡa.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡa.ler/
Old French
Etymology 1
From *galle, borrowed from Frankish *galla (“sore; wound; scab”), from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“a sore on the skin; a gall”). Cognate with Old High German galla (“ire; malignancy; wickedness”), Old English gealla (“skin wound”), Old Norse galli (“infirmity; weakness; affliction”).
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-als, *-alt are modified to aus, aut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | galer | avoir galé | |||||
gerund | en galant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | galant | ||||||
past participle | galé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | gal | gales | gale | galons | galez | galent |
imperfect | galoie, galeie, galoe, galeve | galoies, galeies, galoes, galeves | galoit, galeit, galot, galeve | galiiens, galiens | galiiez, galiez | galoient, galeient, galoent, galevent | |
preterite | galai | galas | gala | galames | galastes | galerent | |
future | galerai | galeras | galera | galerons | galeroiz, galereiz, galerez | galeront | |
conditional | galeroie, galereie | galeroies, galereies | galeroit, galereit | galeriiens, galeriens | galeriiez, galeriez | galeroient, galereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | gal | gaus | gaut | galons | galez | galent |
imperfect | galasse | galasses | galast | galissons, galissiens | galissoiz, galissez, galissiez | galassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | gale | — | galons | galez | — |
Etymology 2
Origin obscure. Likely of Germanic origin, perhaps via Vulgar Latin *gualare, *walare, from Frankish *wala (“well”), from Proto-Germanic *wela, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.
Alternatively, possibly derived from Frankish *wallōn (“to surge; well up; bubble over; roll about”), related to Old High German wallōn (“to surge; flow out; hike; wander; travel”), from Proto-Germanic *wallaną.
Possibly influenced by Frankish *gail (“merry; lively; lustful”), from Proto-Germanic *gailaz (“merry, excited, lush, beautiful, lustful”).
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-als, *-alt are modified to aus, aut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | se galer | estre galé | |||||
gerund | en galant | gerund of estre + past participle | |||||
present participle | galant | ||||||
past participle | galé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | me gal | te gales | se gale | nos galons | vos galez | se galent |
imperfect | me galoie, me galeie, me galoe, me galeve | te galoies, te galeies, te galoes, te galeves | se galoit, se galeit, se galot, se galeve | nos galiiens, nos galiens | vos galiiez, vos galiez | se galoient, se galeient, se galoent, se galevent | |
preterite | me galai | te galas | se gala | nos galames | vos galastes | se galerent | |
future | me galerai | te galeras | se galera | nos galerons | vos galeroiz, vos galereiz, vos galerez | se galeront | |
conditional | me galeroie, me galereie | te galeroies, te galereies | se galeroit, se galereit | nos galeriiens, nos galeriens | vos galeriiez, vos galeriez | se galeroient, se galereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | me gal | te gaus | se gaut | nos galons | vos galez | se galent |
imperfect | me galasse | te galasses | se galast | nos galissons, nos galissiens | vos galissoiz, vos galissez, vos galissiez | se galassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | gale-toi | — | galons-nos | galez-vos | — |
Derived terms
Descendants
- ⇒ French: régaler
Poitevin-Saintongeais
References
- Jônain, Pierre. Dictionnaire du patois Saintongeais. 1869. Page 201