gésir
See also: gesir
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French gesir, from Latin iacēre.
The final -ir < Latin -ēre is regular and results from the palatalization of the preceding -c- to *[d͡zʲ], as in loisir, moisir, plaisir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒe.ziʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
gésir
- (intransitive, archaic or literary) to lie (to be in a horizontal position), especially when dead or wounded
- Ci-gît... (formula used on gravestones) ― Here lies...
- La victime gisait dans son sang. ― The victim was lying in a pool of their own blood.
- (intransitive, archaic or literary) to be located
- (intransitive, archaic or literary) to be buried, hidden
Usage notes
Conjugation
This is a defective verb, and is only conjugated in the present and imperfect indicative.
Conjugation of gésir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | gésir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | — | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gisant /ʒi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | — | ||||||
| past participle | — | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gis /ʒi/ |
gis /ʒi/ |
gît /ʒi/ |
gisons /ʒi.zɔ̃/ |
gisez /ʒi.ze/ |
gisent /ʒiz/ |
| imperfect | gisais /ʒi.zɛ/ |
gisais /ʒi.zɛ/ |
gisait /ʒi.zɛ/ |
gisions /ʒi.zjɔ̃/ |
gisiez /ʒi.zje/ |
gisaient /ʒi.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| future | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| conditional | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | — | |||||
| pluperfect | — | ||||||
| past anterior2 | — | ||||||
| future perfect | — | ||||||
| conditional perfect | — | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| imperfect2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | — | |||||
| pluperfect2 | — | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| compound | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
See also
- English: gist
Further reading
- “gésir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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