fúr
Hungarian
Etymology
Of debated origin: [1]
- From Proto-Uralic *pura- (“to bore; drill”). [2]
- Native word from fúl (“to stab”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈfuːr]
- Rhymes: -uːr
Verb
fúr
- (transitive) to drill
- (transitive, intransitive, colloquial) to intrigue, scheme (to engage in secret schemes to harm someone)
Conjugation
conjugation of fúr
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fúrok | fúrsz | fúr | fúrunk | fúrtok | fúrnak | |
Def. | fúrom | fúrod | fúrja | fúrjuk | fúrjátok | fúrják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | fúrtam | fúrtál | fúrt | fúrtunk | fúrtatok | fúrtak | ||
Def. | fúrtam | fúrtad | fúrta | fúrtuk | fúrtátok | fúrták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrtalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fúrni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fúrék | fúrál | fúra | fúránk | fúrátok | fúrának | ||
Def. | fúrám | fúrád | fúrá | fúránk | fúrátok | fúrák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fúr vala, fúrt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fúrandok | fúrandasz | fúrand | fúrandunk | fúrandotok | fúrandanak | ||
Def. | fúrandom | fúrandod | fúrandja | fúrandjuk | fúrandjátok | fúrandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fúrnék | fúrnál | fúrna | fúrnánk | fúrnátok | fúrnának | |
Def. | fúrnám | fúrnád | fúrná | fúrnánk (or fúrnók) |
fúrnátok | fúrnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fúrt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fúrjak | fúrj or fúrjál |
fúrjon | fúrjunk | fúrjatok | fúrjanak | |
Def. | fúrjam | fúrd or fúrjad |
fúrja | fúrjuk | fúrjátok | fúrják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fúrt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | fúrni | fúrnom | fúrnod | fúrnia | fúrnunk | fúrnotok | fúrniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
fúrás | fúró | fúrt | fúrandó | fúrva (fúrván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of fúr
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fúrhatok | fúrhatsz | fúrhat | fúrhatunk | fúrhattok | fúrhatnak | |
Def. | fúrhatom | fúrhatod | fúrhatja | fúrhatjuk | fúrhatjátok | fúrhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | fúrhattam | fúrhattál | fúrhatott | fúrhattunk | fúrhattatok | fúrhattak | ||
Def. | fúrhattam | fúrhattad | fúrhatta | fúrhattuk | fúrhattátok | fúrhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fúrhaték | fúrhatál | fúrhata | fúrhatánk | fúrhatátok | fúrhatának | ||
Def. | fúrhatám | fúrhatád | fúrhatá | fúrhatánk | fúrhatátok | fúrhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fúrhat vala, fúrhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fúrhatandok or fúrandhatok |
fúrhatandasz or fúrandhatsz |
fúrhatand or fúrandhat |
fúrhatandunk or fúrandhatunk |
fúrhatandotok or fúrandhattok |
fúrhatandanak or fúrandhatnak | ||
Def. | fúrhatandom or fúrandhatom |
fúrhatandod or fúrandhatod |
fúrhatandja or fúrandhatja |
fúrhatandjuk or fúrandhatjuk |
fúrhatandjátok or fúrandhatjátok |
fúrhatandják or fúrandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrhatandalak or fúrandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fúrhatnék | fúrhatnál | fúrhatna | fúrhatnánk | fúrhatnátok | fúrhatnának | |
Def. | fúrhatnám | fúrhatnád | fúrhatná | fúrhatnánk (or fúrhatnók) |
fúrhatnátok | fúrhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fúrhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fúrhassak | fúrhass or fúrhassál |
fúrhasson | fúrhassunk | fúrhassatok | fúrhassanak | |
Def. | fúrhassam | fúrhasd or fúrhassad |
fúrhassa | fúrhassuk | fúrhassátok | fúrhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúrhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fúrhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (fúrhatni) | (fúrhatnom) | (fúrhatnod) | (fúrhatnia) | (fúrhatnunk) | (fúrhatnotok) | (fúrhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | fúrható | Neg. adj. | fúrhatatlan | Adv. part. | (fúrhatva / fúrhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
Compound words
(With verbal prefixes):
- átfúr
- befúr
- belefúr
- keresztülfúr
- kifúr
- lefúr
- megfúr
References
- fúr in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Entry #817 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
- fúr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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