estover
English
Etymology
From Middle English estovers pl, from Old French estover (“obligation”).
Noun
estover (usually uncountable, plural estovers)
- (archaic, law, history) An allowance provided from an estate for a person's support; an allowance of wood for repairs, firewood and fencing.
- 1873, Alfred John Horwood, Year Books of the Reign of King Edward the First: XXI-XXII:
- Your husband was seised of only one carucate of land, to which was appurtenant house-bote and hay-bote to be taken in that wood for burning at only one hearth in his chief messuage ; and if you by reason of your third part could in that wood take house-bote and hay-bote at your pleasure, there would be taken house-bote and hay-bote and fuel for two hearths, whereas they were previously appendant to only one hearth: wherefore, estovers for house-bote &c. you can not have; and we paray judgment.
- (law, history) Estovers.
Usage notes
Now only used in the plural.
Related terms
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem estuev distinct from the unstressed stem estov, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of estover (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estover | aveir esteü | |||||
| gerund | en estovant | Use the gerund of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | estovant | ||||||
| past participle | esteü | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | — | — | estuet | — | — | — |
| imperfect | — | — | estoveit | — | — | — | |
| preterite | — | — | estut | — | — | — | |
| future | — | — | estovra | — | — | — | |
| conditional | — | — | estovreit | — | — | — | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | — | — | estuisse, estuist, estuece | — | — | — |
| imperfect | — | — | esteüst | — | — | — | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
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