esik

See also: eşik and esik-

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Ugric *eskä-, from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɛʃik]
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: esik
  • Rhymes: -ɛʃik

Verb

esik

  1. (intransitive) to fall
    Synonyms: leesik, hullik, lehullik, pottyan, zuhan
    Active-voice counterpart: ejt
    A kenyér a vajas felére esett. ― The [slice of] bread fell on its buttered side.
  2. (intransitive, normally supplemented with the name of the precipitation) to rain, to snow
    Synonyms: (of rain) zuhog, (of rain) szakad, (of snow) hull
    Esik az eső. ― It is raining. (literally, “The rain is falling.”)
    Esik a hó. ― It is snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”)
    Esik még? (depending on context) ― Is it still raining/snowing?
  3. (intransitive) to fall somewhere, to happen to be at some place or time (of an event on some day of the week or month or the stress on a particular syllable)
    Synonyms: van, jut
    Idén péntekre esik a születésnapom. ― My birthday falls on a Friday this year.
  4. (intransitive) to go down, to tumble, to drop, drop off, drop away (e.g. price or popularity)
    Synonyms: csökken, süllyed, apad, hanyatlik, zuhan
  5. (intransitive) to (happen to) be found, to lie, to be situated somewhere
    Synonyms: fekszik, található
    Távol esik tőlünk a színház. ― The theater happens to be a long way away from our place.
  6. (intransitive) to fall into or get into a situation (e.g. falling victim to someone or something)
    Synonyms: lesz, kerül
  7. (intransitive) to fall or belong within the scope, force, power, or effect of something, to be subject or liable to some regulation or jurisdiction
    Synonym: tartozik
  8. (intransitive) to be affected, to feel in some way (with -nak/-nek for the person affected)
    Hogy esne neked, ha…? ― How would you like/feel if …?
    Jólesett az ebéd. ― approx. The lunch felt/was good.
  9. (intransitive) to happen, to come about
    Synonyms: megesik, történik
    Úgy esett, hogy … ― It happened that …
  10. (intransitive) to attack, assail (with -nak/-nek)
    Synonym: támad

Conjugation
conjugation of esik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. esem or
esek		 esel esik esünk estek esnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. estem estél esett estünk estetek estek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esni fog.
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. esék or
esém		 esél ese or
esék		 esénk esétek esének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esik vala, esett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. esendek
(or esendem)		 esendesz
(or esendel)		 esend
(or esendik*)		 esendünk esendetek esendenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. esnék
(or esném)		 esnél esne
(or esnék*)		 esnénk esnétek esnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. essek  or
essem		 ess or
essél		 essen or
essék		 essünk essetek essenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esett légyen
Infinitive esni esnem esned esnie esnünk esnetek esniük
Other
forms		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
esés eső esett esendő esve (esvén) ejt
potential conjugation of esik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. eshetek
(or eshetem)		 eshetsz
(or eshetel)		 eshet
(or eshetik)		 eshetünk eshettek eshetnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. eshettem eshettél eshetett eshettünk eshettetek eshettek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. esheték or
eshetém		 eshetél eshete or
esheték		 esheténk eshetétek eshetének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. eshet vala, eshetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. eshetendek
or esandhatok
(or eshetendem
or esandhatom)		 eshetendesz
or esandhatsz
(or eshetendel
or esandhatol)		 eshetend
or esandhat
(or eshetendik
or esandhatik*)		 eshetendünk
or esandhatunk		 eshetendetek
or esandhattok		 eshetendenek
or esandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. eshetnék
(or eshetném)		 eshetnél eshetne
(or eshetnék*)		 eshetnénk eshetnétek eshetnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. eshetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. eshessek
(or eshessem)		 eshess or
eshessél		 eshessen
(or eshessék)		 eshessünk eshessetek eshessenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. eshetett légyen
Inf. (eshetni) (eshetnem) (eshetned) (eshetnie) (eshetnünk) (eshetnetek) (eshetniük)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (eshetve / eshetvén)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Compound words
Expressions

References
  1. Entry #127 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. esik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading
  • esik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • esik in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
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