emprunter
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French emprunter, from Old French emprunter, from Early Medieval Latin imprūntāre, from Vulgar Latin *imprūmūtāre, modified from Early Medieval Latin imprōmūtuāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/
audio (file)
Verb
emprunter
Conjugation
Conjugation of emprunter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | emprunter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | empruntant /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | emprunté /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɔ̃/ |
empruntez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
empruntent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
| imperfect | empruntais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntait /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ |
empruntions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tjɔ̃/ |
empruntiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tje/ |
empruntaient /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | empruntai /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
empruntas /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
emprunta /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
empruntâmes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tam/ |
empruntâtes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tat/ |
empruntèrent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | emprunterai /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁe/ |
emprunteras /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁa/ |
empruntera /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁa/ |
emprunterons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɔ̃/ |
emprunterez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁe/ |
emprunteront /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | emprunterais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterais /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterait /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ |
emprunterions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
emprunteriez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tə.ʁje/ |
emprunteraient /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntes /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
empruntions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tjɔ̃/ |
empruntiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tje/ |
empruntent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
| imperfect2 | empruntasse /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ |
empruntasses /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ |
empruntât /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta/ |
empruntassions /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
empruntassiez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.ta.sje/ |
empruntassent /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | emprunte /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃t/ |
— | empruntons /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.tɔ̃/ |
empruntez /ɑ̃.pʁœ̃.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “emprunter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French emprunter.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of emprunter
| infinitive | simple | emprunter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | empruntant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | emprunté | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | emprunte | empruntes | emprunte | empruntons | empruntez | empruntent |
| imperfect | empruntois, empruntoys | empruntois, empruntoys | empruntoit, empruntoyt | empruntions, empruntyons | empruntiez, empruntyez | empruntoient, empruntoyent | |
| past historic | emprunta | empruntas | emprunta | empruntasmes | empruntastes | emprunterent | |
| future | emprunterai, emprunteray | emprunteras | empruntera | emprunterons | emprunterez | emprunteront | |
| conditional | emprunterois, emprunteroys | emprunterois, emprunteroys | emprunteroit, emprunteroyt | emprunterions, emprunteryons | emprunteriez, emprunteryez | emprunteroient, emprunteroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | emprunte | empruntes | emprunte | empruntons | empruntez | empruntent |
| imperfect | empruntasse | empruntasses | empruntast | empruntassions | empruntassiez | empruntassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | emprunte | — | empruntons | empruntez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: emprunter
Norman
Etymology
From Old French emprunter, from Vulgar Latin *imprūmūtāre.
Pronunciation
Audio (Jersey) (file)
Antonyms
- prêter (“to lend”)
Derived terms
- emprunt (“loan”)
- emprunteux (“borrower”)
Old French
Etymology
From Early Medieval Latin imprūntāre, from Vulgar Latin *imprūmūtāre.
Descendants
- Middle French: emprunter
- French: emprunter
- Norman: emprunter
- → Italian: improntare
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