echidna

Coined in scientific literature around 1811. Probably from Ancient Greek ἔχιδνα (ékhidna, “snake, viper”) via Latin echidna. Compare ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog, etc.”). However, this sense is problematic (unless it is a reference to the ant-eating tongue). The name perhaps belongs to Latin echinus (“sea urchin, hedgehog”) from the aforementioned Ancient Greek term's alternate sense of "sea-urchin" (also "sharp points"), which Watkins explains as "snake-eater", from ἔχις (ékhis, “snake”), though it may actually be from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰis (“hedgehog, hedgehog-like animals”). The 1810 Encyclopaedia Britannica deduces thus the animal's alternative name as "porcupine ant-eater".

Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, the name refers to Echidna as the name of a serpent-nymph in Greek mythology, "a beautiful woman in the upper part of her body; but instead of legs and feet, she had from the waist downward, the form of a serpent", in which case the animal was named for its mixed features (early naturalists doubted whether it was a mammal or amphibian). Ultimately, the etymology may be from a synthesis of all the roots above. (From OED.)

• enPR: ĕkĭdnä, IPA^(key): /əˈkɪdnə/

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echidna (plural echidnas or echidnae)

1. Any of the species of small spined monotremes in family Tachyglossidae, the four extant species of which are found in Australia and southern New Guinea.

• (species of Tachyglossidae): spiny anteater, bunning

• Attenborough's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi)
• Barton's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni)
• cyclops long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi)
• eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni)
• long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus)
• short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus)
• short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
• Sir David's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi)
• western long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijni)

• Tachyglossidae
• Tachyglossus
• Zaglossus
• Piggi-Billa
• puggle

• chained

echidna f (plural echidne)

1. echidna

From Ancient Greek ἔχιδνα (ékhidna, “viper”).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eˈkʰid.na/, [ɛˈkʰɪnːä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eˈkid.na/, [eˈkid̪nä]

echidna f (genitive echidnae); first declension

1. an adder, viper

First-declension noun.

• Echidna

• “echidna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “echidna”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

• IPA^(key): [eˈkidna]

echidna f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of echidnă