duba
See also: Duba
Isthmus Zapotec
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuduba | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuduba | ukungadubi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | duba | -dube | |||||||
Plural | dubani | -dubeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaduba, ngiduba | engidubayo, engiduba | ngiduba | angidubi | engingadubi | ngingadubi | |||
2nd singular | uyaduba, uduba | odubayo, oduba | uduba | awudubi | ongadubi | ungadubi | |||
1st plural | siyaduba, siduba | esidubayo, esiduba | siduba | asidubi | esingadubi | singadubi | |||
2nd plural | niyaduba, niduba | enidubayo, eniduba | niduba | anidubi | eningadubi | ningadubi | |||
Class 1 | uyaduba, uduba | odubayo, oduba | eduba | akadubi | ongadubi | engadubi | |||
Class 2 | bayaduba, baduba | abadubayo, abaduba | beduba | abadubi | abangadubi | bengadubi | |||
Class 3 | uyaduba, uduba | odubayo, oduba | uduba | awudubi | ongadubi | ungadubi | |||
Class 4 | iyaduba, iduba | edubayo, eduba | iduba | ayidubi | engadubi | ingadubi | |||
Class 5 | liyaduba, liduba | elidubayo, eliduba | liduba | alidubi | elingadubi | lingadubi | |||
Class 6 | ayaduba, aduba | adubayo, aduba | eduba | awadubi | angadubi | engadubi | |||
Class 7 | siyaduba, siduba | esidubayo, esiduba | siduba | asidubi | esingadubi | singadubi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaduba, ziduba | ezidubayo, eziduba | ziduba | azidubi | ezingadubi | zingadubi | |||
Class 9 | iyaduba, iduba | edubayo, eduba | iduba | ayidubi | engadubi | ingadubi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaduba, ziduba | ezidubayo, eziduba | ziduba | azidubi | ezingadubi | zingadubi | |||
Class 11 | luyaduba, luduba | oludubayo, oluduba | luduba | aludubi | olungadubi | lungadubi | |||
Class 14 | buyaduba, buduba | obudubayo, obuduba | buduba | abudubi | obungadubi | bungadubi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaduba, kuduba | okudubayo, okuduba | kuduba | akudubi | okungadubi | kungadubi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaduba, kuduba | okudubayo, okuduba | kuduba | akudubi | okungadubi | kungadubi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidubile, ngidubē | engidubile, engidubē | ngidubile, ngidubē | angidubanga | engingadubanga | ngingadubanga | |||
2nd singular | udubile, udubē | odubile, odubē | udubile, udubē | awudubanga | ongadubanga | ungadubanga | |||
1st plural | sidubile, sidubē | esidubile, esidubē | sidubile, sidubē | asidubanga | esingadubanga | singadubanga | |||
2nd plural | nidubile, nidubē | enidubile, enidubē | nidubile, nidubē | anidubanga | eningadubanga | ningadubanga | |||
Class 1 | udubile, udubē | odubile, odubē | edubile, edubē | akadubanga | ongadubanga | engadubanga | |||
Class 2 | badubile, badubē | abadubile, abadubē | bedubile, bedubē | abadubanga | abangadubanga | bengadubanga | |||
Class 3 | udubile, udubē | odubile, odubē | udubile, udubē | awudubanga | ongadubanga | ungadubanga | |||
Class 4 | idubile, idubē | edubile, edubē | idubile, idubē | ayidubanga | engadubanga | ingadubanga | |||
Class 5 | lidubile, lidubē | elidubile, elidubē | lidubile, lidubē | alidubanga | elingadubanga | lingadubanga | |||
Class 6 | adubile, adubē | adubile, adubē | edubile, edubē | awadubanga | angadubanga | engadubanga | |||
Class 7 | sidubile, sidubē | esidubile, esidubē | sidubile, sidubē | asidubanga | esingadubanga | singadubanga | |||
Class 8 | zidubile, zidubē | ezidubile, ezidubē | zidubile, zidubē | azidubanga | ezingadubanga | zingadubanga | |||
Class 9 | idubile, idubē | edubile, edubē | idubile, idubē | ayidubanga | engadubanga | ingadubanga | |||
Class 10 | zidubile, zidubē | ezidubile, ezidubē | zidubile, zidubē | azidubanga | ezingadubanga | zingadubanga | |||
Class 11 | ludubile, ludubē | oludubile, oludubē | ludubile, ludubē | aludubanga | olungadubanga | lungadubanga | |||
Class 14 | budubile, budubē | obudubile, obudubē | budubile, budubē | abudubanga | obungadubanga | bungadubanga | |||
Class 15 | kudubile, kudubē | okudubile, okudubē | kudubile, kudubē | akudubanga | okungadubanga | kungadubanga | |||
Class 17 | kudubile, kudubē | okudubile, okudubē | kudubile, kudubē | akudubanga | okungadubanga | kungadubanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāduba | engāduba | ngāduba | angidubanga | engingadubanga | ngingadubanga | |||
2nd singular | wāduba | owāduba | wāduba | awudubanga | ongadubanga | ungadubanga | |||
1st plural | sāduba | esāduba | sāduba | asidubanga | esingadubanga | singadubanga | |||
2nd plural | nāduba | enāduba | nāduba | anidubanga | eningadubanga | ningadubanga | |||
Class 1 | wāduba | owāduba | āduba | akadubanga | ongadubanga | engadubanga | |||
Class 2 | bāduba | abāduba | bāduba | abadubanga | abangadubanga | bengadubanga | |||
Class 3 | wāduba | owāduba | wāduba | awudubanga | ongadubanga | ungadubanga | |||
Class 4 | yāduba | eyāduba | yāduba | ayidubanga | engadubanga | ingadubanga | |||
Class 5 | lāduba | elāduba | lāduba | alidubanga | elingadubanga | lingadubanga | |||
Class 6 | āduba | āduba | āduba | awadubanga | angadubanga | engadubanga | |||
Class 7 | sāduba | esāduba | sāduba | asidubanga | esingadubanga | singadubanga | |||
Class 8 | zāduba | ezāduba | zāduba | azidubanga | ezingadubanga | zingadubanga | |||
Class 9 | yāduba | eyāduba | yāduba | ayidubanga | engadubanga | ingadubanga | |||
Class 10 | zāduba | ezāduba | zāduba | azidubanga | ezingadubanga | zingadubanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāduba | olwāduba | lwāduba | aludubanga | olungadubanga | lungadubanga | |||
Class 14 | bāduba | obāduba | bāduba | abudubanga | obungadubanga | bungadubanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāduba | okwāduba | kwāduba | akudubanga | okungadubanga | kungadubanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāduba | okwāduba | kwāduba | akudubanga | okungadubanga | kungadubanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaduba | — | ngingaduba | ngingedube | — | ngingedube | |||
2nd singular | ungaduba | — | ungaduba | ungedube | — | ungedube | |||
1st plural | singaduba | — | singaduba | singedube | — | singedube | |||
2nd plural | ningaduba | — | ningaduba | ningedube | — | ningedube | |||
Class 1 | angaduba | — | engaduba | angedube | — | engedube | |||
Class 2 | bangaduba | — | bengaduba | bangedube | — | bengedube | |||
Class 3 | ungaduba | — | ungaduba | ungedube | — | ungedube | |||
Class 4 | ingaduba | — | ingaduba | ingedube | — | ingedube | |||
Class 5 | lingaduba | — | lingaduba | lingedube | — | lingedube | |||
Class 6 | angaduba | — | engaduba | angedube | — | engedube | |||
Class 7 | singaduba | — | singaduba | singedube | — | singedube | |||
Class 8 | zingaduba | — | zingaduba | zingedube | — | zingedube | |||
Class 9 | ingaduba | — | ingaduba | ingedube | — | ingedube | |||
Class 10 | zingaduba | — | zingaduba | zingedube | — | zingedube | |||
Class 11 | lungaduba | — | lungaduba | lungedube | — | lungedube | |||
Class 14 | bungaduba | — | bungaduba | bungedube | — | bungedube | |||
Class 15 | kungaduba | — | kungaduba | kungedube | — | kungedube | |||
Class 17 | kungaduba | — | kungaduba | kungedube | — | kungedube | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoduba | engizoduba | ngizoduba | angizuduba | engingezuduba | ngingezuduba | |||
2nd singular | uzoduba | ozoduba | uzoduba | awuzuduba | ongezuduba | ungezuduba | |||
1st plural | sizoduba | esizoduba | sizoduba | asizuduba | esingezuduba | singezuduba | |||
2nd plural | nizoduba | enizoduba | nizoduba | anizuduba | eningezuduba | ningezuduba | |||
Class 1 | uzoduba | ozoduba | ezoduba | akazuduba | ongezuduba | engezuduba | |||
Class 2 | bazoduba | abazoduba | bezoduba | abazuduba | abangezuduba | bengezuduba | |||
Class 3 | uzoduba | ozoduba | uzoduba | awuzuduba | ongezuduba | ungezuduba | |||
Class 4 | izoduba | ezoduba | izoduba | ayizuduba | engezuduba | ingezuduba | |||
Class 5 | lizoduba | elizoduba | lizoduba | alizuduba | elingezuduba | lingezuduba | |||
Class 6 | azoduba | azoduba | ezoduba | awazuduba | angezuduba | engezuduba | |||
Class 7 | sizoduba | esizoduba | sizoduba | asizuduba | esingezuduba | singezuduba | |||
Class 8 | zizoduba | ezizoduba | zizoduba | azizuduba | ezingezuduba | zingezuduba | |||
Class 9 | izoduba | ezoduba | izoduba | ayizuduba | engezuduba | ingezuduba | |||
Class 10 | zizoduba | ezizoduba | zizoduba | azizuduba | ezingezuduba | zingezuduba | |||
Class 11 | luzoduba | oluzoduba | luzoduba | aluzuduba | olungezuduba | lungezuduba | |||
Class 14 | buzoduba | obuzoduba | buzoduba | abuzuduba | obungezuduba | bungezuduba | |||
Class 15 | kuzoduba | okuzoduba | kuzoduba | akuzuduba | okungezuduba | kungezuduba | |||
Class 17 | kuzoduba | okuzoduba | kuzoduba | akuzuduba | okungezuduba | kungezuduba | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoduba | engiyoduba | ngiyoduba | angiyuduba | engingeyuduba | ngingeyuduba | |||
2nd singular | uyoduba | oyoduba | uyoduba | awuyuduba | ongeyuduba | ungeyuduba | |||
1st plural | siyoduba | esiyoduba | siyoduba | asiyuduba | esingeyuduba | singeyuduba | |||
2nd plural | niyoduba | eniyoduba | niyoduba | aniyuduba | eningeyuduba | ningeyuduba | |||
Class 1 | uyoduba | oyoduba | eyoduba | akayuduba | ongeyuduba | engeyuduba | |||
Class 2 | bayoduba | abayoduba | beyoduba | abayuduba | abangeyuduba | bengeyuduba | |||
Class 3 | uyoduba | oyoduba | uyoduba | awuyuduba | ongeyuduba | ungeyuduba | |||
Class 4 | iyoduba | eyoduba | iyoduba | ayiyuduba | engeyuduba | ingeyuduba | |||
Class 5 | liyoduba | eliyoduba | liyoduba | aliyuduba | elingeyuduba | lingeyuduba | |||
Class 6 | ayoduba | ayoduba | eyoduba | awayuduba | angeyuduba | engeyuduba | |||
Class 7 | siyoduba | esiyoduba | siyoduba | asiyuduba | esingeyuduba | singeyuduba | |||
Class 8 | ziyoduba | eziyoduba | ziyoduba | aziyuduba | ezingeyuduba | zingeyuduba | |||
Class 9 | iyoduba | eyoduba | iyoduba | ayiyuduba | engeyuduba | ingeyuduba | |||
Class 10 | ziyoduba | eziyoduba | ziyoduba | aziyuduba | ezingeyuduba | zingeyuduba | |||
Class 11 | luyoduba | oluyoduba | luyoduba | aluyuduba | olungeyuduba | lungeyuduba | |||
Class 14 | buyoduba | obuyoduba | buyoduba | abuyuduba | obungeyuduba | bungeyuduba | |||
Class 15 | kuyoduba | okuyoduba | kuyoduba | akuyuduba | okungeyuduba | kungeyuduba | |||
Class 17 | kuyoduba | okuyoduba | kuyoduba | akuyuduba | okungeyuduba | kungeyuduba | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidube | ngingadubi | |||||||
2nd singular | udube | ungadubi | |||||||
1st plural | sidube | singadubi | |||||||
2nd plural | nidube | ningadubi | |||||||
Class 1 | adube | angadubi | |||||||
Class 2 | badube | bangadubi | |||||||
Class 3 | udube | ungadubi | |||||||
Class 4 | idube | ingadubi | |||||||
Class 5 | lidube | lingadubi | |||||||
Class 6 | adube | angadubi | |||||||
Class 7 | sidube | singadubi | |||||||
Class 8 | zidube | zingadubi | |||||||
Class 9 | idube | ingadubi | |||||||
Class 10 | zidube | zingadubi | |||||||
Class 11 | ludube | lungadubi | |||||||
Class 14 | budube | bungadubi | |||||||
Class 15 | kudube | kungadubi | |||||||
Class 17 | kudube | kungadubi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaduba | ngangaduba, angaduba, angangaduba | |||||||
2nd singular | waduba | wangaduba, awaduba, awangaduba | |||||||
1st plural | saduba | sangaduba, asaduba, asangaduba | |||||||
2nd plural | naduba | nangaduba, anaduba, anangaduba | |||||||
Class 1 | waduba | wangaduba, akaduba, akangaduba | |||||||
Class 2 | baduba | bangaduba, abaduba, abangaduba | |||||||
Class 3 | waduba | wangaduba, awaduba, awangaduba | |||||||
Class 4 | yaduba | yangaduba, ayaduba, ayangaduba | |||||||
Class 5 | laduba | langaduba, aladuba, alangaduba | |||||||
Class 6 | aduba | angaduba, awaduba, awangaduba | |||||||
Class 7 | saduba | sangaduba, asaduba, asangaduba | |||||||
Class 8 | zaduba | zangaduba, azaduba, azangaduba | |||||||
Class 9 | yaduba | yangaduba, ayaduba, ayangaduba | |||||||
Class 10 | zaduba | zangaduba, azaduba, azangaduba | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaduba | lwangaduba, alwaduba, alwangaduba | |||||||
Class 14 | baduba | bangaduba, abaduba, abangaduba | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaduba | kwangaduba, akwaduba, akwangaduba | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaduba | kwangaduba, akwaduba, akwangaduba |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “duɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “duɓa (6.3)”
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