dodman

A Roman snail (Helix pomatia), the largest species of snail in Britain, in the North Downs, England, UK. This specimen was about 9 cm long.

Possibly dod (“(archaic) rounded, bare hilltop”) +‎ -man, in the sense of a creature carrying a hill on its back.[1] The word dod is from dod (“to clip, cut or lop off”), from Middle English dodden (“to shave, shear; to trim (a plant); to poll (cattle); to cut off (someone's head)”),[2][3] from dod, dodde (“measure of grain”),[4] from Old English.

The surveyor sense appears to be based on a misconception by English amateur archaeologist and author Alfred Watkins (1855–1935) in his book The Old Straight Track (1925).[3]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈdɒdmən/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈdɑdmən/
• Hyphenation: dod‧man

dodman (plural dodmans or dodmen) (East Anglia, dialectal)

1. A land-based snail.
   • 1538, John Bale, Kynge Johan; published as J[ohn] Payne Collier, editor, Kynge Johan. A Play in Two Parts. […], London: Printed for the Camden Society […], 1838, →OCLC, page 7:

     Yt is as great pyte to se a woman wepe / As yt is to se a sely dodman crepe, / Or, as ye wold say, a sely goose go barefote.

   • 1674, N[athaniel] Fairfax, S[amuel] P[arker], A Treatise of the Bulk and Selvedge of the World: […], London: Printed for Robert Boulter [...], →OCLC, page 125; quoted in John Greaves Nall, “A Glossary of East Anglian Provincialisms. […]”, in An Etymological and Comparative Glossary of the Dialect and Provincialisms of East Anglia, with Illustrations Derived from Native Authors, London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1866, →OCLC, page 542:

     Dodman […] In that a Snayl or Dodman, which is not only not warm, but to our feeling very cold, is fain to brood its as cold sweaty eggs, nested upon a cold wet earth, bespewing them about with the fuzze of a cold clammy froth, in coldish [d]raughty weather, and all making way to a kind and timely hatching.

     The page number of the 1674 work is stated in the 1847 quotation below.

   • [1823, Edward Moor, “Hodmandod”, in Suffolk Words and Phrases; or, An Attempt to Collect the Lingual Localisms of that County, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Printed by J. Loder, for R. Hunter […], →OCLC, page 174:

     A snail is also called Dodman in Suffolk and Norfolk.]

   • 1850 November 14, Charles Dickens, “My ‘First Half’ at Salem House”, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, →OCLC; republished as The Personal History of David Copperfield. [...] In Three Volumes (Collection of British Authors; 175), Tauchniz edition, volume I, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchniz, 1850, →OCLC, page 144:

     "[...] I'm a reg'lar Dodman, I am," said Mr. Peggotty, by which he meant snail, and this was his allusion to being slow to go, for he had attempted to go after every sentence, and had somehow or other come back again; "but I wish you both well, and I wish you happy!"

2. A snail's shell.
   • [1846, James Orchard Halliwell, “DODMAN”, in A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century. […], volumes I (A–I), London: John Russell Smith, […], →OCLC, page 308, column 2:

     DODMAN. A snail. Norfolk. Also, a snail-shell.]

3. Any shellfish which casts its shell, such as a lobster.
   • [1828, Noah Webster, “HOD′MANDOD”, in An American Dictionary of the English Language: […], volumes I (A–I), New York, N.Y.: Published by S. Converse; printed by Hezekiah Howe, New Haven, →OCLC, column 2:

     HOD′MANDOD, n., A shell-fish, otherwise called dodman.]

   • 1670, Francis Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [Francis Bacon], “Century VIII”, in Sylva Sylvarum, or, A Natural History, in Ten Centuries. […], 9th and last edition, London: Printed by J[ohn] R[edmayne] for William Lee, […], →OCLC, page 154:

     The Creatures that caſt their Skin are, the Snake, the Viper, the Grashopper, the Lizard, the Silk-worm, &c. Thoſe that caſt their Shell are, the Lobſter, the Crab, the Cra-fish, the Hodmandod or Dodman, the Tortoise, &c. The old Skins are found, but the old Shells never: So as it is like they ſcale off, and crumble away by degrees.

4. (rare, possibly erroneous) A surveyor.
   • [1925], Arthur Watkins, “Ley-men”, in The Old Straight Track; Its Mounds, Beacons, Moats, Sites, and Mark Stones, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished London: Head of Zeus, 2014, →ISBN:

     At Wilmington in Sussex, the Long Man, with his 240 feet length cut into the turf on the hill-side […], the largest and perhaps the earliest representation of prehistoric man in England, carries two staves. Now the soldier carries but one spear, the shepherd one crook, the pedestrian one staff, the farmer one pike. The surveyor alone carries two rods. The Long Man is the dod-man, the prehistoric surveyor.

• hodmandod

• dodman on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “dodman”, in Collins English Dictionary, accessed 14 August 2017.

• odd man