dénigrer

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēnigrāre, dēnigrō (“to blacken”).

Pronunciation

Verb

dénigrer

  1. to denigrate (to criticise or defame)

Conjugation
Conjugation of dénigrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple dénigrer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple dénigrant
/de.ni.ɡʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle dénigré
/de.ni.ɡʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/		 dénigres
/de.niɡʁ/		 dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/		 dénigrons
/de.ni.ɡʁɔ̃/		 dénigrez
/de.ni.ɡʁe/		 dénigrent
/de.niɡʁ/
imperfect dénigrais
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/		 dénigrais
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/		 dénigrait
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/		 dénigrions
/de.ni.ɡʁi.jɔ̃/		 dénigriez
/de.ni.ɡʁi.je/		 dénigraient
/de.ni.ɡʁɛ/
past historic2 dénigrai
/de.ni.ɡʁe/		 dénigras
/de.ni.ɡʁa/		 dénigra
/de.ni.ɡʁa/		 dénigrâmes
/de.ni.ɡʁam/		 dénigrâtes
/de.ni.ɡʁat/		 dénigrèrent
/de.ni.ɡʁɛʁ/
future dénigrerai
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁe/		 dénigreras
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁa/		 dénigrera
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁa/		 dénigrerons
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɔ̃/		 dénigrerez
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁe/		 dénigreront
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional dénigrerais
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/		 dénigrerais
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/		 dénigrerait
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/		 dénigrerions
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁjɔ̃/		 dénigreriez
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁje/		 dénigreraient
/de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/		 dénigres
/de.niɡʁ/		 dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/		 dénigrions
/de.ni.ɡʁi.jɔ̃/		 dénigriez
/de.ni.ɡʁi.je/		 dénigrent
/de.niɡʁ/
imperfect2 dénigrasse
/de.ni.ɡʁas/		 dénigrasses
/de.ni.ɡʁas/		 dénigrât
/de.ni.ɡʁa/		 dénigrassions
/de.ni.ɡʁa.sjɔ̃/		 dénigrassiez
/de.ni.ɡʁa.sje/		 dénigrassent
/de.ni.ɡʁas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dénigre
/de.niɡʁ/		 — dénigrons
/de.ni.ɡʁɔ̃/		 dénigrez
/de.ni.ɡʁe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

See also

Further reading
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