crenaid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *kʷrinati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷrinéh₂ti, nasal present stem of *kʷreyh₂- (“to buy”).
Cognate with Middle Cornish prena, Breton prenañ, Welsh prynu, Ancient Greek ἐπριάμην (epriámēn), Sanskrit क्रीणाति (krīṇāti) (root क्री (krī)), Old East Slavic кренути (krenuti), Tocharian B käry-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkʲrʲenɨðʲ]
Verb
crenaid (conjunct ·cren, verbal noun críth or creicc)
- to buy, purchase
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29d23
- Fo besad fir trebuir crenas tíir día chlainnd cid risíu ro·bǽ cland les, is samlid ar·robert-som ar n-ícc ni cid risíu ro·beimmis etir.
- In the same manner as a prudent man who buys land for his children even before he could have them, [God] has intended for our salvation even before we existed at all.
- Bretha im Fuillema Gell, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 375-424, page 392
- Ro·saig sét clithair enech bó-airech coruicce cumal n-uinge, nó boin nuda·criad, ar is i cetna cumal ceta·rabai fo bith.
- Sét clithair [working cows?] comes up to be the [best] honour of a cowman up to a cumal of an ounce, or a cow that it could buy, for that it is the first cumal that first came into existence.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29d23
Conjugation
Simple, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite, i future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | crenaid | |||||||
| Conj. | ·crenaim | ·cren | ·crenat | ·crenar | |||||
| Rel. | crenas | crenar | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·crenad | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·cér | ·ciúir | ·críth | ||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·cíur | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | crethir | |||||||
| Conj. | ·créu | ·crie, ·criae | ·crïa | ·crïam | ·crïat | ·crether | |||
| Rel. | crete | cretir | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·cretha | ·crïad | ·cretis | ·crethe | |||||
| Imperative | cren | crïad | crenar | ||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- do·aithchren
- fo·cren
- in·cren
Descendants
- Irish: crean
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| crenaid | chrenaid | crenaid pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crenaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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