cracher
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French cracher, from Old French crachier (“to eject from the mouth”), from Vulgar Latin *craccare, of imitative origin, possibly via Frankish *hrākijan or *hrakkjan; compare Old High German hrahhan, hrahhjan (“to spew, spit”), Proto-Germanic *hrēkijaną (“to spit, retch, vomit”) and *krakōną (“to make a cracking sound”). See also Old English hrǣċan (“to retch, cough up, spit”), Old Norse hrǽkja (“to hawk, spit”), Old High German rachisōn (“to clear one's throat, spit”), Old High German hrahho (“throat, gorge”), Lithuanian kregeti (“dry heave, grunt”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁa.ʃe/
audio (file) - Homophone: crasher
Conjugation
Conjugation of cracher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cracher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | crachant /kʁa.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | craché /kʁa.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crache /kʁaʃ/ |
craches /kʁaʃ/ |
crache /kʁaʃ/ |
crachons /kʁa.ʃɔ̃/ |
crachez /kʁa.ʃe/ |
crachent /kʁaʃ/ |
| imperfect | crachais /kʁa.ʃɛ/ |
crachais /kʁa.ʃɛ/ |
crachait /kʁa.ʃɛ/ |
crachions /kʁa.ʃjɔ̃/ |
crachiez /kʁa.ʃje/ |
crachaient /kʁa.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | crachai /kʁa.ʃe/ |
crachas /kʁa.ʃa/ |
cracha /kʁa.ʃa/ |
crachâmes /kʁa.ʃam/ |
crachâtes /kʁa.ʃat/ |
crachèrent /kʁa.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | cracherai /kʁaʃ.ʁe/ |
cracheras /kʁaʃ.ʁa/ |
crachera /kʁaʃ.ʁa/ |
cracherons /kʁaʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
cracherez /kʁaʃ.ʁe/ |
cracheront /kʁaʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cracherais /kʁaʃ.ʁɛ/ |
cracherais /kʁaʃ.ʁɛ/ |
cracherait /kʁaʃ.ʁɛ/ |
cracherions /kʁa.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cracheriez /kʁa.ʃə.ʁje/ |
cracheraient /kʁaʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crache /kʁaʃ/ |
craches /kʁaʃ/ |
crache /kʁaʃ/ |
crachions /kʁa.ʃjɔ̃/ |
crachiez /kʁa.ʃje/ |
crachent /kʁaʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | crachasse /kʁa.ʃas/ |
crachasses /kʁa.ʃas/ |
crachât /kʁa.ʃa/ |
crachassions /kʁa.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
crachassiez /kʁa.ʃa.sje/ |
crachassent /kʁa.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | crache /kʁaʃ/ |
— | crachons /kʁa.ʃɔ̃/ |
crachez /kʁa.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “cracher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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