cliver
See also: Cliver
English
Adjective
cliver
- (obsolete or dialectal) clever
- 1861, George Eliot, Silas Marner:
- For I've often a deal inside me as'll never come out; and for what you talk o' your folks in your old country niver saying prayers by heart nor saying 'em out of a book, they must be wonderful cliver; for if I didn't know "Our Father", and little bits o' good words as I can carry out o' church wi' me, I might down o' my knees every night, but nothing could I say."
- 1831, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Eugene Aram, Complete:
- Oh, they be cliver creturs, and they'll do what they likes with old Nick, when they gets there, for 'tis the old gentlemen they cozens the best; and then," continued the Corporal, waxing more and more loquacious, for his appetite in talking grew with that it fed on,--"then there be another set o' queer folks you'll see in Lunnon, Sir, that is, if you falls in with 'em,--hang all together, quite in a clink.
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kli.ve/
Audio (file)
Verb
cliver
- to cleave (split)
- Le minéral se clive en formes régulières délimitées par les plans de clivage.
- The mineral cleaves into regular shapes delimited by the cleavage planes.
Conjugation
Conjugation of cliver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | cliver | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | clivant /kli.vɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | clivé /kli.ve/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | clive /kliv/ |
clives /kliv/ |
clive /kliv/ |
clivons /kli.vɔ̃/ |
clivez /kli.ve/ |
clivent /kliv/ |
imperfect | clivais /kli.vɛ/ |
clivais /kli.vɛ/ |
clivait /kli.vɛ/ |
clivions /kli.vjɔ̃/ |
cliviez /kli.vje/ |
clivaient /kli.vɛ/ | |
past historic2 | clivai /kli.ve/ |
clivas /kli.va/ |
cliva /kli.va/ |
clivâmes /kli.vam/ |
clivâtes /kli.vat/ |
clivèrent /kli.vɛʁ/ | |
future | cliverai /kli.vʁe/ |
cliveras /kli.vʁa/ |
clivera /kli.vʁa/ |
cliverons /kli.vʁɔ̃/ |
cliverez /kli.vʁe/ |
cliveront /kli.vʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | cliverais /kli.vʁɛ/ |
cliverais /kli.vʁɛ/ |
cliverait /kli.vʁɛ/ |
cliverions /kli.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cliveriez /kli.və.ʁje/ |
cliveraient /kli.vʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | clive /kliv/ |
clives /kliv/ |
clive /kliv/ |
clivions /kli.vjɔ̃/ |
cliviez /kli.vje/ |
clivent /kliv/ |
imperfect2 | clivasse /kli.vas/ |
clivasses /kli.vas/ |
clivât /kli.va/ |
clivassions /kli.va.sjɔ̃/ |
clivassiez /kli.va.sje/ |
clivassent /kli.vas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | clive /kliv/ |
— | clivons /kli.vɔ̃/ |
clivez /kli.ve/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
References
- Etymology and history of “cliver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Further reading
- “cliver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Scots
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈklɪvər/
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