césaid
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- céssaid
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *kʷenssāti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷendʰ- (“to suffer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πάσχω (páskhō) and πάθος (páthos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkʲeːsɨðʲ]
Verb
césaid (verbal noun céssad)
- to suffer, to endure
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25a10
- Níp imned libsi mo fochidi-se, ꝉ cia chéste ar iriss Críst.
- May my sufferings not be tribulation for you pl, or although you may suffer for Christ’s faith
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25a10
Inflection
Simple, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | céste | |||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | céssad | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- Irish: céas
- Scottish Gaelic: ceus
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| césaid | chésaid | césaid pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “césaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷend-s-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
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