brocher
See also: Brocher
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French brocher, from Old French brochier. By surface analysis, broche + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁɔ.ʃe/
Audio (file) Audio (CAN) (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of brocher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | brocher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | brochant /bʁɔ.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | broché /bʁɔ.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | broche /bʁɔʃ/ |
broches /bʁɔʃ/ |
broche /bʁɔʃ/ |
brochons /bʁɔ.ʃɔ̃/ |
brochez /bʁɔ.ʃe/ |
brochent /bʁɔʃ/ |
| imperfect | brochais /bʁɔ.ʃɛ/ |
brochais /bʁɔ.ʃɛ/ |
brochait /bʁɔ.ʃɛ/ |
brochions /bʁɔ.ʃjɔ̃/ |
brochiez /bʁɔ.ʃje/ |
brochaient /bʁɔ.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | brochai /bʁɔ.ʃe/ |
brochas /bʁɔ.ʃa/ |
brocha /bʁɔ.ʃa/ |
brochâmes /bʁɔ.ʃam/ |
brochâtes /bʁɔ.ʃat/ |
brochèrent /bʁɔ.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | brocherai /bʁɔʃ.ʁe/ |
brocheras /bʁɔʃ.ʁa/ |
brochera /bʁɔʃ.ʁa/ |
brocherons /bʁɔʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
brocherez /bʁɔʃ.ʁe/ |
brocheront /bʁɔʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | brocherais /bʁɔʃ.ʁɛ/ |
brocherais /bʁɔʃ.ʁɛ/ |
brocherait /bʁɔʃ.ʁɛ/ |
brocherions /bʁɔ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
brocheriez /bʁɔ.ʃə.ʁje/ |
brocheraient /bʁɔʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | broche /bʁɔʃ/ |
broches /bʁɔʃ/ |
broche /bʁɔʃ/ |
brochions /bʁɔ.ʃjɔ̃/ |
brochiez /bʁɔ.ʃje/ |
brochent /bʁɔʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | brochasse /bʁɔ.ʃas/ |
brochasses /bʁɔ.ʃas/ |
brochât /bʁɔ.ʃa/ |
brochassions /bʁɔ.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
brochassiez /bʁɔ.ʃa.sje/ |
brochassent /bʁɔ.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | broche /bʁɔʃ/ |
— | brochons /bʁɔ.ʃɔ̃/ |
brochez /bʁɔ.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “brocher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | brocher | avoir broché | |||||
| gerund | en brochant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | brochant | ||||||
| past participle | broché | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | broche | broches | broche | brochons | brochez | brochent |
| imperfect | brochoie, brocheie, brochoe, brocheve | brochoies, brocheies, brochoes, brocheves | brochoit, brocheit, brochot, brocheve | brochiiens, brochiens | brochiiez, brochiez | brochoient, brocheient, brochoent, brochevent | |
| preterite | brochai | brochas | brocha | brochames | brochastes | brocherent | |
| future | brocherai | brocheras | brochera | brocherons | brocheroiz, brochereiz, brocherez | brocheront | |
| conditional | brocheroie, brochereie | brocheroies, brochereies | brocheroit, brochereit | brocheriiens, brocheriens | brocheriiez, brocheriez | brocheroient, brochereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | broche | broches | broche | brochons | brochez | brochent |
| imperfect | brochasse | brochasses | brochast | brochissons, brochissiens | brochissoiz, brochissez, brochissiez | brochassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | broche | — | brochons | brochez | — | ||
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