braver
See also: Braver
English
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eɪvə(ɹ)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁa.ve/
Audio (file)
Verb
braver
- (transitive) to challenge, defy
- (transitive) to brave
- 2015 October 31, “Migrants : Allemagne restreint les accès à sa frontière avec Autriche”, in Le Monde:
- Malgré l’arrivée du mauvais temps et la fermeture en cours des frontières européennes, des centaines de personnes continuent pourtant chaque jour de risquer leur vie, bravant le froid et les vents violents.
- Despite the arrival of bad weather and the ongoing closure of European borders, hundreds of people nevertheless continue to risk their lives every day, braving the cold and the violent winds.
- (transitive) to flout, pay no heed to (someone's opinion, hostility, etc.)
Conjugation
Conjugation of braver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | braver | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | bravant /bʁa.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | bravé /bʁa.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brave /bʁav/ |
braves /bʁav/ |
brave /bʁav/ |
bravons /bʁa.vɔ̃/ |
bravez /bʁa.ve/ |
bravent /bʁav/ |
| imperfect | bravais /bʁa.vɛ/ |
bravais /bʁa.vɛ/ |
bravait /bʁa.vɛ/ |
bravions /bʁa.vjɔ̃/ |
braviez /bʁa.vje/ |
bravaient /bʁa.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | bravai /bʁa.ve/ |
bravas /bʁa.va/ |
brava /bʁa.va/ |
bravâmes /bʁa.vam/ |
bravâtes /bʁa.vat/ |
bravèrent /bʁa.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | braverai /bʁa.vʁe/ |
braveras /bʁa.vʁa/ |
bravera /bʁa.vʁa/ |
braverons /bʁa.vʁɔ̃/ |
braverez /bʁa.vʁe/ |
braveront /bʁa.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | braverais /bʁa.vʁɛ/ |
braverais /bʁa.vʁɛ/ |
braverait /bʁa.vʁɛ/ |
braverions /bʁa.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
braveriez /bʁa.və.ʁje/ |
braveraient /bʁa.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brave /bʁav/ |
braves /bʁav/ |
brave /bʁav/ |
bravions /bʁa.vjɔ̃/ |
braviez /bʁa.vje/ |
bravent /bʁav/ |
| imperfect2 | bravasse /bʁa.vas/ |
bravasses /bʁa.vas/ |
bravât /bʁa.va/ |
bravassions /bʁa.va.sjɔ̃/ |
bravassiez /bʁa.va.sje/ |
bravassent /bʁa.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brave /bʁav/ |
— | bravons /bʁa.vɔ̃/ |
bravez /bʁa.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
Further reading
- “braver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adjective
braver
- inflection of brav:
- strong/mixed nominative masculine singular
- strong genitive/dative feminine singular
- strong genitive plural
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