Tionghoa

• Tionghua
• Tionghwa (obsolete)

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 中華／中华 (Tiong-hôa).

• IPA^(key): [tiˈɔŋ.hoa̯]
• Hyphenation: Ti‧ong‧ho‧a

Tionghoa

1. China: A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.
2. Chinese:
   1. any of several Sinitic languages or dialects spoken in China, especially Literary Chinese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu or Min Nan.
   2. the logographic writing system shared by this language family.
   3. the people of China.
   4. all people of Chinese origin or self-identity.

• (Chinese person): Cina (ethnic slur, derogatory), singkek (ethnic slur, highly offensive)

Tionghoa

1. Chinese:
   1. related to China or her people or her language
   2. of Chinese origin

This word is restored for Indonesian official government use as the presidential decision was passed and replaced Cina (“China”).[1] This guide is followed by most Indonesian-language mass media.

• Tiongkok

• “Tionghoa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• Tionghua (more common)

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 中華／中华 (Tiong-hôa). Compare Indonesian Tionghoa.

• (Standard Malaysian) IPA^(key): /tioŋho̯a/

Tionghoa

1. (dated) Chinese; of Chinese descent

   Synonym: Cina

   • 1933 March 25, “Perubahan-Perubahan di Malaya. Pemandangan Wartawan Kita "Bintang Timur".”, in Saudara‎, Penang:

     Berbagai-bagai protest dan pemandangan dimajukan oleh leader Tionghua dan Hindu dalam Legislative Council di Singapura.

     All sorts of protests and views were advanced by Chinese and Indian leaders in the Legislative Council in Singapore.

Mostly obsolete in Malaysia; Cina is far more common.

• “Tionghoa” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.