< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wrīhan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *wrīhaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (“to twist, weave, bind”).

Verb

*wrīhan[1][2]

  1. to plait, pleat
  2. to bind with twine, baste
  3. to impale, skewer

Inflection
Strong class 1
Infinitive *wrīhan
1st sg. past *wraih
3rd pl. past *wrigun
Past ptcple *wrigan
Infinitive *wrīhan
Genitive infin. *wrīhannjas
Dative infin. *wrīhannjē
Instrum. infin. *wrīhannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *wrīhu *wraih
2nd singular *wrīhiʀi *wrigī
3rd singular *wrīhidi *wraih
1st plural *wrīhum *wrigum
2nd plural *wrīhid *wrigud
3rd plural *wrīhand *wrigun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *wrīhē *wrigī
2nd singular *wrīhēs *wrigī
3rd singular *wrīhē *wrigī
1st plural *wrīhēm *wrigīm
2nd plural *wrīhēþ *wrigīd
3rd plural *wrīhēn *wrigīn
Imperative Present
Singular *wrīh
Plural *wrīhid
Present Past
Participle *wrīhandī *wrigan

Derived terms
  • *andiwrīhan
  • *anawrīhan
    • German: anreihen
    • German Low German:
      Dortmundisch: anriggen
      Low Prussian: anrêgen
      East Frisian Low Saxon: anreihen
  • *biwrīhan
  • *inwrīhan
    • German: einreihen
    • German Low German:
      Lippisch: inrüijen
  • *upwrīhan
    • German: aufreihen
    • German Low German:
      Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch: uprijen
      East Frisian Low Saxon: uprejen
  • *wrigōn

Descendants
  • Old English: wrēon (“to cover (up)”)
    • Middle English: wrihen, wreon, wrien, wryen
  • Old Frisian: *wrīgia
    • West Frisian: riuwe (“to bind with twine; to constrict”)
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: wreigenge (“bedcover, duvet”)
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: wrichte (“battle-garment”)
  • Old Saxon: *wrīgan, *wrīan
    • Middle Low German: rîgen, rîen
      • German Low German:
        Altmärkisch: rîn
        Low Prussian: rêgen
        Westphalian:
        Bentheimisch: rîgen
        Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch: riggen
        Sauerländisch: reyjen (Wenden)
        East Westphalian: rüijen, rüigen, röjjen (Lippe), ruijjen (Ravensberg)
        Westmünsterländisch: rijen
  • Old Dutch: *rīgan, *rīan
    • Middle Dutch: rîen (“to bind with twine”), rijenn, rîgen
      • Dutch: rijgen
      • Limburgish: riege
  • Old High German: rīhan, *rīgan
    • Middle High German: rîhen, rîgen, rîhhen (“to pleat; to impale”)

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*wrīhan”
  2. Agee, Joshua (2018) “A Glottometric Subgrouping of the Early Germanic Languages (PhD thesis)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, San Jose State University, →DOI, page 212: “PWGmc *wrīhan”
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