< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *sturjaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twr̥H-yé-ti, from *(s)twerH- (to stir up, agitate, propel).

Verb

*sturjan

  1. to stir up, agitate
  2. to propel, move forward

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *sturjan
1st sg. past *sturidā
Infinitive *sturjan
Genitive infin. *sturjannjas
Dative infin. *sturjannjē
Instrum. infin. *sturjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *sturju *sturidā
2nd singular *sturisi *sturidēs, *sturidōs
3rd singular *sturiþi *sturidē, *sturidā
1st plural *sturjum *sturidum
2nd plural *sturiþ *sturidud
3rd plural *sturjanþ *sturidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *sturjē *sturidī
2nd singular *sturjēs *sturidī
3rd singular *sturjē *sturidī
1st plural *sturjēm *sturidīm
2nd plural *sturjēþ *sturidīd
3rd plural *sturjēn *sturidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *sturi
Plural *sturiþ
Present Past
Participle *sturjandī *sturid

Descendants

  • Old English: styrian, stirian
    • Middle English: stiren
  • Old Saxon: sturian

Further reading

  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*staurjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476
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