< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skandijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *skandu (shame, a disgrace) + *-jan.

Verb

*skandijan

  1. to insult, to disgrace, to put to shame

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *skandijan
1st sg. past *skandidā
Infinitive *skandijan
Genitive infin. *skandijannjas
Dative infin. *skandijannjē
Instrum. infin. *skandijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *skandiju *skandidā
2nd singular *skandisi *skandidēs, *skandidōs
3rd singular *skandiþi *skandidē, *skandidā
1st plural *skandijum *skandidum
2nd plural *skandiþ *skandidud
3rd plural *skandijanþ *skandidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *skandijē *skandidī
2nd singular *skandijēs *skandidī
3rd singular *skandijē *skandidī
1st plural *skandijēm *skandidīm
2nd plural *skandijēþ *skandidīd
3rd plural *skandijēn *skandidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *skandi
Plural *skandiþ
Present Past
Participle *skandijandī *skandid

Descendants

  • Old English: sċendan
    • Middle English: schenden
  • Old Frisian: skanda, skenda
  • Old Saxon: *skendian
  • Old Dutch: *skenden
  • Old High German: *skenten (imp. sg. skende)
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