< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naudijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *naudijaną. Equivalent to *naudi (need) + *-jan.

Verb

*naudijan

  1. to compel, to force
  2. to invite, to make someone come

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *naudijan
1st sg. past *naudidā
Infinitive *naudijan
Genitive infin. *naudijannjas
Dative infin. *naudijannjē
Instrum. infin. *naudijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *naudiju *naudidā
2nd singular *naudisi *naudidēs, *naudidōs
3rd singular *naudiþi *naudidē, *naudidā
1st plural *naudijum *naudidum
2nd plural *naudiþ *naudidud
3rd plural *naudijanþ *naudidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *naudijē *naudidī
2nd singular *naudijēs *naudidī
3rd singular *naudijē *naudidī
1st plural *naudijēm *naudidīm
2nd plural *naudijēþ *naudidīd
3rd plural *naudijēn *naudidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *naudi
Plural *naudiþ
Present Past
Participle *naudijandī *naudid

Descendants

  • Old English: nīedan, nīdan, nȳdan, nēdan
    • Middle English: neden, nede, niede
      • Yola: ee-naate (ppl)
  • Old Frisian: nēda
    • West Frisian: needzje
  • Old Saxon: nōdian
  • Old Dutch: *nōdon
    • Middle Dutch: nôden
      • Dutch: noden
        • West Frisian: noadzje
  • Old High German: nōten
    • Middle High German: nœten
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