< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hopōn
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown; sometimes compared to Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend forward, stoop”).[1]
Inflection
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *hopōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *hopōdā | |
| Infinitive | *hopōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *hopōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *hopōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *hopōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hopō | *hopōdā |
| 2nd singular | *hopōs | *hopōdēs, *hopōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *hopōþ | *hopōdē, *hopōdā |
| 1st plural | *hopōm | *hopōdum |
| 2nd plural | *hopōþ | *hopōdud |
| 3rd plural | *hopōnþ | *hopōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hopō | *hopōdī |
| 2nd singular | *hopōs | *hopōdī |
| 3rd singular | *hopō | *hopōdī |
| 1st plural | *hopōm | *hopōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *hopōþ | *hopōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *hopōn | *hopōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hopō | |
| Plural | *hopōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *hopōndī | *hopōd |
Descendants
- Old English: hopian
- Old Frisian: hopia
- Old Saxon: hopōn
- Old Dutch: hopon
- Old High German: *hoffōn (uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries)
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1989) “hoffen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 313
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