Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hati

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hataz.

Noun

*hati m[1]

hate

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hati
Genitive	*hatī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hati	*hatī
Accusative	*hati	*hatī
Genitive	*hatī	*hattjō
Dative	*hatī	hatim, hattjum
Instrumental	*hatī	hatim, hattjum

Derived terms

*hatul

Descendants

Old English: hete
- Middle English: hete, het; hate, ate, haate, hat, hatte (influenced by the verb)
  - English: hate
  - Scots: hate, hait, heit
Old Frisian: hat
- West Frisian: haat
Old Saxon: *hat, heti
- Middle Low German: hat, hāte
  - German Low German: Haat
  - Plautdietsch: Hot
Old Dutch: *hat
- Middle Dutch: hat, hāte
  - Dutch: haat
    - Afrikaans: haat
  - Limburgish: haat
Old High German: haz
- Middle High German: haz
  - German: Hass
  - Luxembourgish: Haass
- Yiddish: האַס (has)
→ Vulgar Latin: *hatina
- Old French: haine, haïne; haïnus, haïnos
  - Bourguignon: haine
  - Middle French: haine; haineux, haigneux
    - French: haine; haineux
  - → Middle English: heinous, hainous
    - English: heinous

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 237: “PWGmc *hati”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 237: “PWGmc *hati”