< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bibēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bibāną.

Verb

*bibēn[1]

  1. to tremble

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive *bibēn
1st sg. past *bib?dā
Infinitive *bibēn
Genitive infin. *bibēnijas
Dative infin. *bibēnijē
Instrum. infin. *bibēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *bibē *bib?dā
2nd singular *bibēs *bib?dēs, *bib?dēs
3rd singular *bibēþ *bib?dē, *bib?dā
1st plural *bibēm *bib?dum
2nd plural *bibēþ *bib?dud
3rd plural *bibēnþ *bib?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *bibē *bib?dī
2nd singular *bibēs *bib?dī
3rd singular *bibē *bib?dī
1st plural *bibēm *bib?dīm
2nd plural *bibēþ *bib?dīd
3rd plural *bibēn *bib?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *bibē
Plural *bibēþ
Present Past
Participle *bibēndī *bib?d

Descendants

  • Old English: bifian, biofian, beofian
    • Middle English: bivien, beovien, buvien; befien, byfien, beovien
      • English: bive
  • Old Frisian: bivia
    • North Frisian: bevern
    • Saterland Frisian: bieuwje
    • West Frisian: beevje
  • Old Saxon: bivon
    • Middle Low German: bēven
      • German Low German: beven
      • Middle Low German: *bibberen
  • Old Dutch: *bivon
    • Middle Dutch: bēven
      • Dutch: beven
        • Afrikaans: bewe
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: befu
        • Negerhollands: beev, beeven
        • Aukan: beifi
        • Sranan Tongo: beifi
  • Old High German: bibēn

References

  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162:PWGmc *bibē-
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