< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *armaz.

Noun

*arm m

  1. arm
Inflection
Masculine a-stem
Singular
Nominative *arm
Genitive *armas
Singular Plural
Nominative *arm *armō, *armōs
Accusative *arm *armā
Genitive *armas *armō
Dative *armē *armum
Instrumental *armu *armum
Descendants
  • Old English: earm, arm
    • Middle English: arm
      • English: arm
      • Scots: airm
      • Yola: arrm
  • Old Frisian: erm
  • Old Saxon: arm
    • Middle Low German: arm
      • Low German:
        • German Low German:
          Hamburgisch: Arm
          Westphalian:
          Ravensbergisch: Ārm
          Lippisch: Arm
          Sauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm
          Westmünsterländisch: Arm
        • Plautdietsch: Oam, Oarm
  • Old Dutch: arm
    • Middle Dutch: arm
      • Dutch: arm
        • Afrikaans: arm
        • Javindo: arrem
        • Negerhollands: arm, erm
      • Limburgish: erm
  • Old High German: arm, aram, arma

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *armaz.

Adjective

*arm (comparative *armōʀō, superlative *armōst)[1]

  1. poor, miserable
    Synonyms: *armalīk, *blaut, *unlād, *wainag
  2. pitiful, pitiable
Inflection
a-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *arm
Genitive *armas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *arm *armu *arm
Accusative *armanā *armā *arm
Genitive *armas *armeʀā *armas
Dative *armumē *armeʀē *armumē
Instrumental *armu *armeʀu *armu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *armē *armō *armu
Accusative *armā *armā *armu
Genitive *armeʀō *armeʀō *armeʀō
Dative *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum
Instrumental *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum *armēm, *armum
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Old English: earm
  • Old Frisian: erm
  • Old Saxon: *arm
    • Middle Low German: arm
      • German Low German: arm
      • Plautdietsch: oam, oarm
  • Old Dutch: arm
    • Middle Dutch: arm
      • Dutch: arm
        • Afrikaans: arm
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
        • Jersey Dutch: arm
        • Negerhollands: aerm
        • Petjo: arm
      • Limburgish: erm
  • Old High German: arm

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 60: “*armōzō, *armōst”
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