Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kale-

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction

The Finnic and Samoyedic reflexes point to *kale-, while the Samic and Mordvinic reflexes point to *kola-. According to Aikio (2016), the latter is a regular secondary development.

Verb

*kale-

to die

Derived terms

*kalma

Descendants

Proto-Samoyedic: *kåə-
- Enets: kaja
- Nenets
  - Tundra Nenets: ха (χā)
- Selkup:
  - Northern Selkup: ӄуӄа (quqa)
  - Southern Selkup:
    - Narym: ку́гу
    - Upper Ob: куугу
Ugric:
- Hungarian: hal
- Khanty:
  - Eastern Khanty: колта (kolta)
- Mansi
  - Northern Mansi: хо̄луӈкве (hōluňkwe)
Proto-Permic: *kulni (see there for further descendants)
Mari
- Eastern Mari: колаш (kolaš)
Proto-Mordvinic: *kuləms (see there for further descendants)
>? Proto-Samic: *koalōtēk (“to freeze”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Finnic: *kooldak (see there for further descendants)

References

Aikio, Ante. 2016. "The Finnic 'secondary e-stems' and Proto-Uralic vocalism". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 95, pp. 25–66.
Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Sammallahti, Pekka (1988) “Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages”, in Denis, Sinor, editor, The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-554

External links

Entry #339 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

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