Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kugu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Ultimately onomatopoeic. Akin to Proto-Tungusic *kūku (“swan”).

Noun

*kugu

(Common Turkic) swan

Declension

Declension of *kugu (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*kugu	*kugular
accusative
genitive	*kugunïŋ	*kugularnïŋ
dative	*kuguka	*kugularka
locative	*kuguda	*kugularda
ablative	*kugudan	*kugulardan
instrumental¹⁾		*kugularïn
equative¹⁾	*kuguča	*kugularča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: qu
  - Ottoman Turkish: قوغو
    - Turkish: kuğu
    - Gagauz: kuu
- Turkmen: guw
Karluk:
- Uzbek: quv
- Uyghur: قۇ (qu)
Kypchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Tatar: [script needed] (quu)
- West Kipchak:
  - Kumyk: қуу
  - Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (quw)
  - Karaim: [script needed] (quw)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: quw
    - Kazakh: қу (qu)
    - Nogai: кув (kuv)
  - Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: куу (kuu)
    - Southern Altai: куу (kuu)
Siberian:
- Yenisei Kyrgyz: [Term?] (quɣu)
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐰍𐰆 (quǧu /⁠quɣu⁠/)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (quɣu)
- North Siberian:
  - >? Yakut: куба (kuba)
  - >? Dolgan: куба
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: куу (kuu)
    - Tofa: ӄуу
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: хуу (xuu)
    - Shor: қуу

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kuğu:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 609
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kugu”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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