< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kām

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic
*kiam.

Noun

*kām

  1. (shamanism, religion) shaman

Declension
Declension of *kām
Singular 3)
Nominative *kām
Accusative *kāmnï, *kāmïg 4), *kāmnïg 1)
Genitive *kāmnïŋ
Dative *kāmka
Locative *kāmda
Ablative *kāmdan
Allative *kāmgaru
Instrumental 2) *kāmïn
Equative 2) *kāmča
Similative 2) *kāmlayu
Comitative 2) *kāmlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms
  • *kām-čï (“that one who shamanizes”)
    • Oghur:
      • Chuvash: юмҫӑ (jumś̬ă)
    • Kipchak:
  • *kām-la- (“to shamanize”)
    • Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Southern Altai: камдаар (kamdaar)

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: юмӑҫ (jumăś)
  • Common Turkic: *kām
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kām)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
      • ⇒ Dolgan: камнаа (kamnaa)
      • ⇒ Yakut: хамнаа (qamnaa), хамсаа (qamsaa)
    • South Siberian:

References
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ka:m”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 625
  • Tekin, Talât (1995) Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 101
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiam”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 228
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 402-406
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 240-241
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 157
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