< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŕgan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Analysis as *kaŕ- (“to dig out”) +‎ *-gan is often proposed, however not without some controversy, see literature for details.

Noun

*kaŕgan

  1. cauldron

Declension
Declension of *kaŕgan
Singular 3)
Nominative *kaŕgan
Accusative *kaŕgannï, *kaŕganïg 4), *kaŕgannïg 1)
Genitive *kaŕgannïŋ
Dative *kaŕganka
Locative *kaŕganta
Ablative *kaŕgantan
Allative *kaŕgangaru
Instrumental 2) *kaŕganïn
Equative 2) *kaŕganča
Similative 2) *kaŕganlayu
Comitative 2) *kaŕganlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хуран (huran)
    • → Hungarian: harang (“bell”) (uncertain)
  • Common Turkic:
  • → Middle Mongol: [Arabic needed] (qazghan) (Ibn Muhanna)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ҡаҙан (qaźan)
      • Tatar: казан (qazan)
        • Siberian Tatar: казаннау (“to prepare in a cauldron”)
    • South Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: qazan
      • Karachay-Balkar: къазан (qazan)
      • Karaim: казан
      • Kumyk: къазан (qazan)
      • Krymchak: казан (“stockpot”)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قَزْغانْ (qazɣān, “dug out”) (uncertain)
      • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (qazan)
        • Uzbek: qozon
  • Arghu:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *γazan
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: qazan
        • Ottoman Turkish: قزان (qazan), قزغان (kazğan)
          • Turkish: kazan
          • → Albanian: kazan
          • → Arabic: قَزَان (qazān), قَازَان (qāzān)
          • → Armenian: խազան (xazan), ղազան (ġazan), կազան (kazan), ղզղան (ġzġan)
          • → Aromanian: cãzáne
          • → Bulgarian: каза́н (kazán)
          • → Greek: καζάνι (kazáni)
          • → Macedonian: казан (kazan)
          • → Romanian: cazàn
          • → Serbo-Croatian:
            Cyrillic script: ка̀зан
            Latin script: kàzan
        • Gagauz: kazan
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: gazan
  • Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Khakas: хазан (xazan)
      • Shor: қазан (qazan)

Further reading
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kazğa:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 682
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 188
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1390
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