< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/emgek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *emge- (“to suffer, be tortured”) +‎ *-k.

Noun

*emgek

  1. bother, worry, pains

Declension
Declension of *emgek
Singular 3)
Nominative *emgek
Accusative *emgekni, *emgekig 4), *emgeknig 1)
Genitive *emgekniŋ
Dative *emgekke
Locative *emgekde
Ablative *emgekden
Allative *emgekgerü
Instrumental 2) *emgekin
Equative 2) *emgekče
Similative 2) *emgekleyü
Comitative 2) *emgekligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms
  • *emgen-

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: амак (amak, “illness”)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Proto-Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Azerbaijani: əmək
      • Ottoman Turkish: امك (emek)
        • Turkish: emek (“work, labour”)
    • ⇒ Salar: ömüklegüsi
    • ⇒ Turkmen: emgenmek (“to work hard, to suffer”)
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: имгәк (imgək)
      • Tatar: имгәк (imgäk)
    • South Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (emgek)
    • North Siberian:
      • Yakut: эмэх (emeq, “rotten”)

References
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 159
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 42
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 272-275, 25-26
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*emge-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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