< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/b(i)āka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *b(i)ākka

Noun

*b(i)āka

  1. frog
  2. (?) tortoise, turtle

Declension
Declension of *b(i)āka
Singular 3)
Nominative *b(i)āka
Accusative *b(i)ākanï, *b(i)ākag 4), *b(i)ākanïg 1)
Genitive *b(i)ākanïŋ
Dative *b(i)ākaka
Locative *b(i)ākada
Ablative *b(i)ākadan
Allative *b(i)ākagaru
Instrumental 2) *b(i)ākan
Equative 2) *b(i)ākača
Similative 2) *b(i)ākalayu
Comitative 2) *b(i)ākalïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms
  • *kïr-b(i)āka

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • → Hungarian: béka [1]
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *b(i)aɣa
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: bağa
        • Ottoman Turkish:
    • East Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (baqa)
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (baqa)
        • ⇒ Uzbek: qurbaqa
        • Uyghur: پاقا (paqa)
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (baka)
    • Old Uyghur:
      • Western Yugur: paqa
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: паға (pağa)
        • Shor: паға (pağa)

References
  1. Gombocz, Zoltán (1912) Die bulgarisch-türkischen Lehnwörter in der ungarischen Sprache [The Bulgarian–Turkic Loanwords in the Hungarian Language] (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; XXX)‎ (in German)
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 311-312; 646-647
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 58
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*b(i)āka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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