Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/bi-

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Verb

*bi-

(intransitive) to be, exist

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 必 (bi- /⁠bi⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ (bimbi)
Tungusic:
- North Tungusic:
  - Even: бидэ̄й (ʙidə̄j)
  - Evenki: бимӣ (bimī)
  - Negidal: бӣ- (bī-)
  - Oroqen: bi-
  - Solon: bi-
- South Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: би- (bi-)
    - Udihe: би- (bi-)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: биури (biuri)
    - Orok: бивури (biwuri)
    - Ulch: биву (biwu)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 145
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 79-80
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN.

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