< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tępati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely onomatopoeic (Preobražensky). Perhaps from p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to stun, to thunder”) or via nasal infix from the root of *tepti.

In either case, should be distinguished from Proto-Balto-Slavic *témptei (“to pull, to stretch”) (whence Latvian stiept, Lithuanian tem̃pti, Proto-Slavic *tętiva (“tendon”)). The later, however, could be the origin of Russian тям (tjam, “grasp, intelligence”), Ukrainian тя́ма (tjáma, “id.”) (via suffixes *-mъ, *-ma), which have been speculated to bear relation with the onomatopoeic root.

Verb

*tępati impf

  1. to smack, to clang, to ding (to make resonant noise)
    Synonyms: *čukati, *ťukati, *xlopati
  2. (by extension) to hack with a tool

Conjugation
Conjugation of *tępati, *tępa, *tępajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tępanьje *tępati *tępatъ *tępalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tępanъ *tępajemъ
Active *tępavъ *tępaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tępaxъ*tępa*tępa *tępajǫ*tępaješi*tępajetь
Dual *tępaxově*tępasta*tępaste *tępajevě*tępajeta*tępajete
Plural *tępaxomъ*tępaste*tępašę *tępajemъ*tępajete*tępajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *tępaaxъ*tępaaše*tępaaše —*tępaji*tępaji
Dual *tępaaxově*tępaašeta*tępaašete *tępajivě*tępajita—
Plural *tępaaxomъ*tępaašete*tępaaxǫ *tępajimъ*tępajite—

Derived terms
  • *tępъkъ (descriptive adjective)
  • *tupati (“to beat, to drum”)
  • *tǫpъ (“stupid, blunt”)
  • *stonъ (“groan”) (possibly)
    • *stǫkati (“to groan, to clatter”)
    • *stǫgonъ (“moan”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: ця́паць (cjápacʹ)
    • Russian: тя́пать (tjápatʹ), тя́паться (tjápatʹsja)
    • Ukrainian: тя́пати (tjápaty)
  • South Slavic:
    • >? Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam), те́пкам (tépkam, “to stutter”) (dialectal)
    • >? Serbo-Croatian: (in the sense “to talk abstrusely, to babble”)
      Cyrillic script: те̏пати
      Latin script: tȅpati
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: ťapit (dialectal)
    • Polish: ciapać (via East Slavic or from Czech-Slovak)
    • Slovak: ťapkať

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тяпать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тям”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “тяпати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 701
  • Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “тепам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 949
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