< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)sada

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *o(b)- +‎ *sadъ (“seat, setting”) + *-а, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Akin to Latin obsideō (“to besiege; to inhabit”).

Noun

*o(b)sada f

  1. settlement, administrative unit (West Slavic)
  2. siege (South and East Slavic)
    Synonym: *obloga

Declension
Declension of *o(b)sada (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *o(b)sada *o(b)sadě *o(b)sady
genitive *o(b)sady *o(b)sadu *o(b)sadъ
dative *o(b)sadě *o(b)sadama *o(b)sadamъ
accusative *o(b)sadǫ *o(b)sadě *o(b)sady
instrumental *o(b)sadojǫ, *o(b)sadǫ** *o(b)sadama *o(b)sadami
locative *o(b)sadě *o(b)sadu *o(b)sadasъ, *o(b)sadaxъ*
vocative *o(b)sado *o(b)sadě *o(b)sady
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *sěsti (“to sit down”)
  • *sěděti (“to sit”)
  • *saditi (“to plant”)
  • *orzsadъ (“seedlings”)
  • *posadъ (“saplings”)
  • *nasaďenьje (“plantation”)

Derived terms
  • *o(b)saditi (“to siege, to surround”)
  • *o(b)sadьnъ (“sieged, surrounded”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: обсада (obsada)
    • Belarusian: aса́да (asáda, “nozzle”)
    • Russian: оса́да (osáda)
    • Ukrainian: оса́да (osáda, “settlement”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: обсада (obsada)
    • Bulgarian: обсада (obsada)
    • Macedonian: опсада (opsada)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: о̏псада
      Latin script: ȍpsada
    • Slovene: osàd m
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: osada (“settlement”)
    • Kashubian: òsada (“settlement”)
    • Polish: obsada (“cast”), osada (“settlement”)
    • Slovak: osada (“settlement”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: wosada

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “осада”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obsada/*obsadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 145
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “обсаждам, обсадя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 757
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