< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyřati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *nirati
  • *nyrati

Etymology

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian nérti (“to dive”), also nãras (“hole, lair”), narà (“hole, lair”) (both dialectal).

Verb

*nyřati impf

  1. to immerse oneself? to dive?

Inflection
Conjugation of *nyřati, *nyřa, *nyřajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*nyřanьje *nyřati *nyřatъ *nyřalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *nyřanъ *nyřajemъ
Active *nyřavъ *nyřaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *nyřaxъ*nyřa*nyřa *nyřajǫ*nyřaješi*nyřajetь
Dual *nyřaxově*nyřasta*nyřaste *nyřajevě*nyřajeta*nyřajete
Plural *nyřaxomъ*nyřaste*nyřašę *nyřajemъ*nyřajete*nyřajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *nyřaaxъ*nyřaaše*nyřaaše —*nyřaji*nyřaji
Dual *nyřaaxově*nyřaašeta*nyřaašete *nyřajivě*nyřajita—
Plural *nyřaaxomъ*nyřaašete*nyřaaxǫ *nyřajimъ*nyřajite—
Conjugation of *nyrati, *nyra, *nyřetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*nyranьje *nyrati *nyratъ *nyralъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *nyranъ *nyřemъ
Active *nyravъ *nyřę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *nyraxъ*nyra*nyra *nyřǫ*nyřeši*nyřetь
Dual *nyraxově*nyrasta*nyraste *nyřevě*nyřeta*nyřete
Plural *nyraxomъ*nyraste*nyrašę *nyřemъ*nyřete*nyřǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *nyraaxъ*nyraaše*nyraaše —*nyři*nyři
Dual *nyraaxově*nyraašeta*nyraašete *nyřivě*nyřita—
Plural *nyraaxomъ*nyraašete*nyraaxǫ *nyřimъ*nyřite—
Conjugation of *nyrati, *nyra, *nyrajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*nyranьje *nyrati *nyratъ *nyralъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *nyranъ *nyrajemъ
Active *nyravъ *nyraję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *nyraxъ*nyra*nyra *nyrajǫ*nyraješi*nyrajetь
Dual *nyraxově*nyrasta*nyraste *nyrajevě*nyrajeta*nyrajete
Plural *nyraxomъ*nyraste*nyrašę *nyrajemъ*nyrajete*nyrajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *nyraaxъ*nyraaše*nyraaše —*nyraji*nyraji
Dual *nyraaxově*nyraašeta*nyraašete *nyrajivě*nyrajita—
Plural *nyraaxomъ*nyraašete*nyraaxǫ *nyrajimъ*nyrajite—

Descendants
  • Church Slavonic: нꙑрати (nyrati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрѭ (nyrjǫ), нꙑраѭ (nyrajǫ); нꙑрꙗти (nyrjati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрꙗѭ (nyrjajǫ)
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: ныра́ць (nyrácʹ)
    • Middle Russian: нырꙗти (nyrjati) (14th century)
    • Ukrainian: ниря́ти (nyrjáty, “to dive”)

References
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ныря́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 581
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nyŗati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 360
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ныря́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyr(’)ati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 65
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