< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ni

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *nе́y, a locative case of Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). Cognate with Latvian and Lithuanian nei and related to Latin nī, Proto-Germanic *nai.

Conjunction

*ni[1][2]

  1. neither, nor
    Synonym: *i ne

Usage notes

Corresponds to the conjunction meaning of neither ... nor ... For emphasize, the form Proto-Slavic *ni to could be used instead. The adverb function of neither (“not even”) is principally expressed by Proto-Slavic *ni že, however, *ni is also applicable in this sense.

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ни (ni)
      • Belarusian: ні (ni)
      • Russian: ни (ni)
      • Ukrainian: ні (ni)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: ни (ni)
      Glagolitic script: ⱀⰹ (ni)
    • Bulgarian: ни (ni)
    • Macedonian: ни (ni)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ни, ⇒ ни̏ти
      Latin script: ni, ⇒ nȉti
    • ⇒ Slovene: niti
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: ni (archaic)
    • Polish: ni
      • ⇒ Polish: ani
    • Slovak: ni (archaic)
      • ⇒ Slovak: ani
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: ni, nje
      • Lower Sorbian: ni

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*ni”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 106
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “ни¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 635

Adverb

*ni

  1. not even

Derived terms
  • *ni edinъ (“not even one”), *ni edьnažь (“not even once”)
  • *ni by (“as if, seemingly”)
  • *ni že (“neither”)
  • *ni ma (“not at all, really?”)

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*ni by”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 106
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*ni edinъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 107
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*ni že”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 108
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “нима”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 650

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ni”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 352: “conj., ptcl ‘nor, not’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “ni”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(pcl.) (PR 146)”
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