< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krętati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Main interpretations:
- Pedersen, Berneker, Sławski (favoured by Vasmer): Durative-iterative of an earlier nasal-infixed Proto-Indo-European *kr̥nétti, attested in Sanskrit कृणत्ति (kṛṇatti, “to wind, to spin”), probably from *kert-/*kret- (“to curl, to twirl”) (perhaps derived from basal *(s)ker- or *(s)ḱer-).
- Machek: Denominal from *krękъ (“sprout, spawn”) + *-tati.
Verb
Inflection
Conjugation of *krętati, *kręta, *kręťetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *krętanьje | *krętati | *krętatъ | *krętalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *krętanъ | *kręťemъ |
| Active | *krętavъ | *kręťę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krętaxъ | *kręta | *kręta | *kręťǫ | *kręťeši | *kręťetь |
| Dual | *krętaxově | *krętasta | *krętaste | *kręťevě | *kręťeta | *kręťete |
| Plural | *krętaxomъ | *krętaste | *krętašę | *kręťemъ | *kręťete | *kręťǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krętaaxъ | *krętaaše | *krętaaše | — | *kręťi | *kręťi |
| Dual | *krętaaxově | *krętaašeta | *krętaašete | *kręťivě | *kręťita | — |
| Plural | *krętaaxomъ | *krętaašete | *krętaaxǫ | *kręťimъ | *kręťite | — |
Conjugation of *krętati, *kręta, *krętajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *krętanьje | *krętati | *krętatъ | *krętalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *krętanъ | *krętajemъ |
| Active | *krętavъ | *krętaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krętaxъ | *kręta | *kręta | *krętajǫ | *krętaješi | *krętajetь |
| Dual | *krętaxově | *krętasta | *krętaste | *krętajevě | *krętajeta | *krętajete |
| Plural | *krętaxomъ | *krętaste | *krętašę | *krętajemъ | *krętajete | *krętajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krętaaxъ | *krętaaše | *krętaaše | — | *krętaji | *krętaji |
| Dual | *krętaaxově | *krętaašeta | *krętaašete | *krętajivě | *krętajita | — |
| Plural | *krętaaxomъ | *krętaašete | *krętaaxǫ | *krętajimъ | *krętajite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: крꙗтати (krjatati)
- Belarusian: крята́ць (krjatácʹ)
- Russian: кря́тать (krjátatʹ)
- Ukrainian: кря́татися (krjátatysja)
- Old East Slavic: крꙗтати (krjatati)
- South Slavic
- West Slavic
- ⇒ Czech: vykřátnout
- Polish: krzątać
- ⇒ Slovak: nаkriаtnuť
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “krętjǫ krętjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 210)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kretati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kręta̋ti”
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krętati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 145
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кря́тать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кретам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 2
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