< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grakati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Compare Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), English croak. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*gràkati[1]

  1. to caw, croak

Conjugation
Conjugation of *grakati, *graka, *grakajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*grakanьje *grakati *grakatъ *grakalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *grakanъ *grakajemъ
Active *grakavъ *grakaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *grakaxъ*graka*graka *grakajǫ*grakaješi*grakajetь
Dual *grakaxově*grakasta*grakaste *grakajevě*grakajeta*grakajete
Plural *grakaxomъ*grakaste*grakašę *grakajemъ*grakajete*grakajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *grakaaxъ*grakaaše*grakaaše —*grakaji*grakaji
Dual *grakaaxově*grakaašeta*grakaašete *grakajivě*grakajita—
Plural *grakaaxomъ*grakaašete*grakaaxǫ *grakajimъ*grakajite—

Alternative forms
  • kràkati

Derived terms

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гракати (grakati)
      • Russian: гра́кать (grákatʹ) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      • Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гракати (grakati)
    • Bulgarian: гра́кам (grákam)
    • Macedonian: грака (graka)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гра́кати
      Latin script: grákati
    • Slovene: grȃkati (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: grakać (dialectal)
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: grakaś

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grakati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 102
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гра́кать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grakati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 186: “v. ‘caw, croak’”
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