< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jama

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

If related to Ancient Greek ἄμη (ámē, “shovel, water bucket”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *yā̆m- (“to dig”).[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

*jàma f

  1. pit, hole

Declension
Declension of *jàma (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *jàma *jàmě *jàmy
genitive *jàmy *jàmu *jàmъ
dative *jàmě *jàmama *jàmamъ
accusative *jàmǫ *jàmě *jàmy
instrumental *jàmojǫ, *jàmǭ** *jàmama *jàmamī
locative *jàmě *jàmu *jàmasъ, *jàmaxъ*
vocative *jàmo *jàmě *jàmy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ꙗма (jama), ама (ama)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: ꙗма (jama)
      Glagolitic script: ⱑⰿⰰ (ěma)
    • Bulgarian: я́ма (jáma)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ја̏ма
      Latin script: jȁma
      • Chakavian (Novi): jȁma
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): jȁma
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): jȁma
      • Kajkavian (Bednja): jȕmo
    • Slovene: jáma (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: jáma
    • Polabian: jomo
    • Polish: jama
    • Slovak: jama
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: jаmа
      • Upper Sorbian: jаmа

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 502, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 502

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “я́ма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*àma”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 28: “f. ā (a) ‘pit, hole’”
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