< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žiliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Intensive causative of *želti (“to cause pain”) +‎ *-iti, with narrowing and elongation of the root vowel. Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian gėlioti (“to sting”).

For the dialectal Russian reflex, Vasmer presumes influence from synonymous *žędliti, whence standard Russian жа́лить (žálitʹ).

Verb

*žiliti impf (perfective *žilovati)

  1. to bite (for vertebrates), to sting (for invertebrates)
    Synonym: *žędliti

Conjugation
Conjugation of *žiliti, *žili, *žilitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žiľenьje *žiliti *žilitъ *žililъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žiľenъ *žilimъ
Active *žiľь *žilę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žilixъ*žili*žili *žiľǫ*žiliši*žilitь
Dual *žilixově*žilista*žiliste *žilivě*žilita*žilite
Plural *žilixomъ*žiliste*žilišę *žilimъ*žilite*žilętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žiľaaxъ*žiľaaše*žiľaaše —*žili*žili
Dual *žiľaaxově*žiľaašeta*žiľaašete *žilivě*žilita—
Plural *žiľaaxomъ*žiľaašete*žiľaaxǫ *žilimъ*žilite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*žilivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms
  • *žiľati
  • *jьzžiliti
  • *nažiliti
  • *užiliti
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-‎ (0 c, 8 e)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • ⇒ Russian: жиля́ть (žiljátʹ) (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: жи́ля (žílja)
    • Macedonian: жили (žili)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: жи̏лити (dialectal)
      Latin script: žȉliti (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Slovene: žíljati (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жилять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жиля, жилвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 546
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