< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Possibly cognate to Ancient Greek ζωρός (zōrós, “pure, sheer (of wine)”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *yoHro-.

Adjective

*jȃrъ[1][2][3]

  1. furious
Declension
Indefinite declension of *jarъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jarъ *jara *jaro
genitive *jara *jary *jara
dative *jaru *jarě *jaru
accusative *jarъ *jarǫ *jaro
instrumental *jaromь *jarojǫ *jaromь
locative *jarě *jarě *jarě
vocative *jare *jaro *jaro
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jara *jarě *jarě
genitive *jaru *jaru *jaru
dative *jaroma *jarama *jaroma
accusative *jara *jarě *jarě
instrumental *jaroma *jarama *jaroma
locative *jaru *jaru *jaru
vocative *jara *jarě *jarě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jari *jary *jara
genitive *jarъ *jarъ *jarъ
dative *jaromъ *jaramъ *jaromъ
accusative *jary *jary *jara
instrumental *jary *jarami *jary
locative *jarěxъ *jaraxъ *jarěxъ
vocative *jari *jary *jara
Definite declension of *jarъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jarъjь *jaraja *jaroje
genitive *jarajego *jaryję̇ *jarajego
dative *jarujemu *jarěji *jarujemu
accusative *jarъjь *jarǫjǫ *jaroje
instrumental *jaryjimь *jarǫjǫ *jaryjimь
locative *jarějemь *jarěji *jarějemь
vocative *jarъjь *jaraja *jaroje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jaraja *jarěji *jarěji
genitive *jaruju *jaruju *jaruju
dative *jaryjima *jaryjima *jaryjima
accusative *jaraja *jarěji *jarěji
instrumental *jaryjima *jaryjima *jaryjima
locative *jaruju *jaruju *jaruju
vocative *jaraja *jarěji *jarěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jariji *jaryję̇ *jaraja
genitive *jarъjixъ *jarъjixъ *jarъjixъ
dative *jaryjimъ *jaryjimъ *jaryjimъ
accusative *jaryję̇ *jaryję̇ *jaraja
instrumental *jaryjimi *jaryjimi *jaryjimi
locative *jaryjixъ *jaryjixъ *jaryjixъ
vocative *jariji *jaryję̇ *jaraja
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ꙗрꙑи (jaryi)
  • South Slavic:
    • Church Slavonic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “bitter”)
    • Church Slavonic: ꙗрый (jaryj) (Russian recension)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ја̑р
      Latin script: jȃr
    • Slovene: jȃr, jára (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Noun

*jȃrъ m

  1. anger
Declension
Declension of *jarъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *jarъ *jara *jari
genitive *jara *jaru *jarъ
dative *jaru *jaroma *jaromъ
accusative *jarъ *jara *jary
instrumental *jarъmь, *jaromь* *jaroma *jary
locative *jarě *jaru *jarěxъ
vocative *jare *jara *jari
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “anger”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Church Slavonic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “anger”) (Russian recension)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ја̑р (“anger; cruelty”)
      Latin script: jȃr (“anger; cruelty”)

Derived terms
  • *jariti (“to burn, heat”)
  • *jarizna (“astringency”)
  • *Jarobojь (given name)
  • *Jarobudъ / *Jarobǫdъ (given name)
  • *Jarogněvъ (given name)
  • *Jaroměrъ / *Jaromirъ (given name)
  • *Jaropъlkъ (given name)
  • *Jaroslavъ (given name)
  • *jarostь (“fury”)
  • *jarota (“fury”)
  • *jarovitъ (“furious”)
  • *jarъkъ (“bright”) (possibly)

References
  1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “jarъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 178
  2. Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “jary II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 204
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “jarъ jara jaro”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ivrig, hidsig (SA 111; PR 138)”

Further reading
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ě̑rъ II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 152
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “я́рый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

See *jaro.

Adjective

*jarъ[1][2]

  1. vernal
Declension
Indefinite declension of *jarъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jarъ *jara *jaro
genitive *jara *jary *jara
dative *jaru *jarě *jaru
accusative *jarъ *jarǫ *jaro
instrumental *jaromь *jarojǫ *jaromь
locative *jarě *jarě *jarě
vocative *jare *jaro *jaro
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jara *jarě *jarě
genitive *jaru *jaru *jaru
dative *jaroma *jarama *jaroma
accusative *jara *jarě *jarě
instrumental *jaroma *jarama *jaroma
locative *jaru *jaru *jaru
vocative *jara *jarě *jarě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jari *jary *jara
genitive *jarъ *jarъ *jarъ
dative *jaromъ *jaramъ *jaromъ
accusative *jary *jary *jara
instrumental *jary *jarami *jary
locative *jarěxъ *jaraxъ *jarěxъ
vocative *jari *jary *jara
Definite declension of *jarъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jarъjь *jaraja *jaroje
genitive *jarajego *jaryję̇ *jarajego
dative *jarujemu *jarěji *jarujemu
accusative *jarъjь *jarǫjǫ *jaroje
instrumental *jaryjimь *jarǫjǫ *jaryjimь
locative *jarějemь *jarěji *jarějemь
vocative *jarъjь *jaraja *jaroje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jaraja *jarěji *jarěji
genitive *jaruju *jaruju *jaruju
dative *jaryjima *jaryjima *jaryjima
accusative *jaraja *jarěji *jarěji
instrumental *jaryjima *jaryjima *jaryjima
locative *jaruju *jaruju *jaruju
vocative *jaraja *jarěji *jarěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *jariji *jaryję̇ *jaraja
genitive *jarъjixъ *jarъjixъ *jarъjixъ
dative *jaryjimъ *jaryjimъ *jaryjimъ
accusative *jaryję̇ *jaryję̇ *jaraja
instrumental *jaryjimi *jaryjimi *jaryjimi
locative *jaryjixъ *jaryjixъ *jaryjixъ
vocative *jariji *jaryję̇ *jaraja
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ꙗрꙑи (jaryi)
  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ја̑рӣ
      Latin script: jȃrī
    • Slovene: jȃr, jára
  • West Slavic:

Noun

*jarъ m[1][2]

  1. Alternative form of *jaro (“spring”)
Declension
Declension of *jarъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *jarъ *jara *jari
genitive *jara *jaru *jarъ
dative *jaru *jaroma *jaromъ
accusative *jarъ *jara *jary
instrumental *jarъmь, *jaromь* *jaroma *jary
locative *jarě *jaru *jarěxъ
vocative *jare *jara *jari
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old Ruthenian: ꙗръ (jar)
      • Ukrainian: яр (jar)
    • Russian: яр (jar) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: ꙗр-кокошка (jar-kokoška)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ја̑р
      Latin script: jȃr
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: jar (dialectal)
    • Silesian: jŏr
    • Slovak: jar

Derived terms
  • *jarěpeniti / *jarěpьniti?
  • *jarěpętiti?

Notes

The Slavic etymon is homophonous with a Turkic borrowing from Proto-Turkic *yār, attested in East Slavic (Russian яр (jar, “ravine”), Ukrainian яр (jar, “cliff, steep hill”) as in Часів Яр (Časiv Jar, toponym), Ба́бий Яр (Bábyj Jar, toponym)). The two lemmas are etymologically unrelated.

References
  1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jaro / *jara / *jarъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
  2. Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “jary I”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 204

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “яра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ěro; *ěra; *ěrъ I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 151
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