Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/mušy-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*mušy- m or *mušyat- f

evening

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *mušy-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*mušyum

*mušyāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*mušyim

*mušyayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*mušyam

possessive forms

1st person

*mušyī / *mušyVya

—

*mušyVni

2nd person m

*mušyVka

*mušyVkumā / *mušyVkumay

*mušyVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*mušyVki

*mušyVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*mušyVšu

*mušyVšumā / *mušyVšumay

*mušyVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*mušyVša

*mušyVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *mušyuya for nom. case, *mušyiya for gen. case, *mušyaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *mušy-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*mušyuka	*mušyāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*mušyika	*mušyayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*mušyaka	*mušyayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *mušy-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*mušyuki	*mušyāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*mušyiki	*mušyayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*mušyaki	*mušyayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒈪 (mūšum, “night”), 𒈪 (mušītum, “night”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: مَسَاء (masāʔ, “evening, night”), أَمْس (ʔams, “yesterday”), أُمْسِيَّة (ʔumsiyya, “evening”)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: רַמְשָׁא / ܪܰܡܫܳܐ (ramšā, “evening”) (irregular; disputed)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: אֶמֶשׁ ('émesh, ʾémeš, “night, darkness; last night, yesterday”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - North Ethiopian Semitic:
    - Ge'ez: ምሴት (məset, “evening”)
    - Tigre: ምሴት (məset, “evening”)
    - Tigrinya: ምሸት (məšät, “evening”)
  - South Ethiopian Semitic:
    - Amharic: ምሽት (məššət, “evening”)
    - Argobba: ሙሼድ (mušed)
    - Gafat: məsiet, məštä (“evening, night”)
    - Harari: ምሼት (məšet, “evening, night”)
    - Inor: ሙሼድ (mušed, “evening”)
    - Kistane: ምሸት (məšät, “evening, night”), ምሽት (məššət)
- Modern South Arabian
  - Soqotri: imšin (“evening”)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 196

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