Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/labiʔ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *labiʔ-. Gamkrelidze & Ivanov argue on the possibility of borrowing into Proto-Indo-European *lewo-, though it remains debatable.

Noun

*labiʔ- or *labuʔ- m

lion

Inflection

Declension of *labiʔ-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*labiʔum

*labiʔāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*labiʔim

*labiʔayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*labiʔam

possessive forms

1st person

*labiʔī / *labiʔVya

—

*labiʔVni

2nd person m

*labiʔVka

*labiʔVkumā / *labiʔVkumay

*labiʔVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*labiʔVki

*labiʔVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*labiʔVšu

*labiʔVšumā / *labiʔVšumay

*labiʔVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*labiʔVša

*labiʔVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *labiʔuya for nom. case, *labiʔiya for gen. case, *labiʔaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *labiʔ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*labiʔuka	*labiʔāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*labiʔika	*labiʔayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*labiʔaka	*labiʔayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *labiʔ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*labiʔuki	*labiʔāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*labiʔiki	*labiʔayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*labiʔaki	*labiʔayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒆷𒁍𒌝 (lābum)
- Eblaite: 𒊊 (labʾum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: لَبُؤَة (labuʔa, “lioness”)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Amorite: 𒆷𒁀 (la-ba), 𒆷𒁀𒀀 (la-ba-a /⁠*labaʾa⁠/, given name, literally “lioness”)
    - Aramaic:
      - Imperial Aramaic: 𐡋𐡁𐡀 (lbʾ)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: לָבִיא (laví, lāḇîʾ)
      - → Egyptian: rwꜣbw
        Late Egyptian: rby
        Coptic: ⲗⲁⲃⲟ (labo)
      - →? Egyptian: rbw (“Libu”)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎍𐎁𐎜 (lbủ /⁠labiʾu⁠/)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Sabaean: 𐩡𐩨𐩱 (lbʾ)

References

Golinets, Viktor (2016) “Amorite Animal Names: Cognates for the Semitic Etymological Dictionary”, in Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Meeting of the International Association for Comparative Semitics and Other Studies (Babel und Bibel; 9)‎, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, →DOI, →ISBN, page 70
Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen‎ (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, page 287 seqq.
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) “*labVˀ-”, in Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 194–197, Nr. 144
A. Murtonen (1989) “LBʾ”, in Hebrew in Its West Semitic Setting, Part I, Section Bb, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 243

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