Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṭīn-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṭīn- m

clay

Inflection

Declension of *ṭīn-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ṭīnum

*ṭīnāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ṭīnim

*ṭīnayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ṭīnam

possessive forms

1st person

*ṭīnī / *ṭīnVya

—

*ṭīnVni

2nd person m

*ṭīnVka

*ṭīnVkumā / *ṭīnVkumay

*ṭīnVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ṭīnVki

*ṭīnVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ṭīnVšu

*ṭīnVšumā / *ṭīnVšumay

*ṭīnVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ṭīnVša

*ṭīnVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṭīnuya for nom. case, *ṭīniya for gen. case, *ṭīnaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ṭīn-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṭīnuka	*ṭīnāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ṭīnika	*ṭīnayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ṭīnaka	*ṭīnayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ṭīn-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṭīnuki	*ṭīnāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ṭīniki	*ṭīnayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ṭīnaki	*ṭīnayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒅎 (ṭīdum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: طِين (ṭīn)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Classical Syriac: ܛܝܼܢܵܐ (ṭīnā)
        → Israeli Hebrew: טִין (tín)
    - Canaanite:
      - Biblical Hebrew: טִיט (tit, ṭîṭ)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Tigrinya: ጠየን (ṭäyän)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri: ṭayn
  - Shehri: ṭun

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 189

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