Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṣ́abuʕ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṣ́abuʕ- m

hyena

Inflection

Declension of *ṣ́abuʕ-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ṣ́abuʕum

*ṣ́abuʕāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ṣ́abuʕim

*ṣ́abuʕayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ṣ́abuʕam

possessive forms

1st person

*ṣ́abuʕī / *ṣ́abuʕVya

—

*ṣ́abuʕVni

2nd person m

*ṣ́abuʕVka

*ṣ́abuʕVkumā / *ṣ́abuʕVkumay

*ṣ́abuʕVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ṣ́abuʕVki

*ṣ́abuʕVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ṣ́abuʕVšu

*ṣ́abuʕVšumā / *ṣ́abuʕVšumay

*ṣ́abuʕVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ṣ́abuʕVša

*ṣ́abuʕVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṣ́abuʕuya for nom. case, *ṣ́abuʕiya for gen. case, *ṣ́abuʕaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ṣ́abuʕ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṣ́abuʕuka	*ṣ́abuʕāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ṣ́abuʕika	*ṣ́abuʕayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ṣ́abuʕaka	*ṣ́abuʕayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ṣ́abuʕ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṣ́abuʕuki	*ṣ́abuʕāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ṣ́abuʕiki	*ṣ́abuʕayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ṣ́abuʕaki	*ṣ́abuʕayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- ⇒ Akkadian: 𒁍𒍮 (būṣum) (with metathesis)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ضَبُع (ḍabuʕ)
    - Hijazi Arabic: ضبع (ḍabʕ)
    - Moroccan Arabic: ضبع (ḍbaʕ)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - ⇒ Classical Syriac: ܐܰܦܥܳܐ (ʾap̄ʿā) (with some corruptions)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: צָבוֹעַ (tsabó'a, ṣāḇôʿa)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - ⇒ Ge'ez: ፅዕብ (ṣ́əʿb) (with metathesis)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Soqotri: ḍabʿ

References

Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 147
Riede, Peter (2002) Im Spiegel der Tiere. Studien zum Verhältnis von Mensch und Tier im alten Israel. (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis; 187) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 172–173
Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 208

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